Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality with weak measurements of photons

Abstract

By weakly measuring the polarization of a photon between two strong polarization measurements, we experimentally investigate the correlation between the appearance of anomalous values in quantum weak measurements, and the violation of realism and non-intrusiveness of measurements. A quantitative formulation of the latter concept is expressed in terms of a Leggett-Garg inequality for the outcomes of subsequent measurements of an individual quantum system. We experimentally violate the Leggett-Garg inequality for several measurement strengths. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that there is a one-to-one correlation between achieving strange weak values and violating the Leggett-Garg inequality.

5 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Ultrasensitive Beam Deflection Measurement via Interferometric Weak Value Amplification
• An experimental test of non-local realism
• State-independent experimental test of quantum contextuality
• Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality in time with weak measurement
• Weak values and the Leggett-Garg inequality in solid-state qubits
• Compatibility and noncontextuality for sequential measurements

Cited by in corpus (206)

• Colloquium: Understanding Quantum Weak Values: Basics and Applications
• Leggett-Garg Inequalities
• Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality in time with weak measurement
• Nonperturbative theory of weak pre- and post-selected measurements
• Direct measurement of general quantum states using weak measurement
• Witnessing Quantum Coherence: from solid-state to biological systems
• Violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality with ideal non-invasive measurements
• Anomalous Weak Values Are Proofs of Contextuality
• Precision metrology using weak measurements
• Condition for macroscopic realism beyond the Leggett-Garg inequalities
• Ideal negative measurements in quantum walks disprove theories based on classical trajectories
• Partial-measurement back-action and non-classical weak values in a superconducting circuit
• Opening up the Quantum Three-Box Problem with Undetectable Measurements
• Direct measurement of the density matrix of a quantum system
• Past quantum states
• Violation of the Leggett-Garg Inequality in Neutrino Oscillations
• Violation of a temporal Bell inequality for single spins in solid by over 50 standard deviations
• A strict experimental test of macroscopic realism in a superconducting flux qubit
• The significance of the imaginary part of the weak value
• Weak Values are Interference Phenomena
• New wine in old bottles: Quantum measurement - direct, indirect, weak - with some applications
• Prediction and retrodiction for a continuously monitored superconducting qubit
• No Fine theorem for macrorealism: Limitations of the Leggett-Garg inequality
• Violation of Leggett-Garg inequalities in quantum measurements with variable resolution and back-action
• Measuring incompatible observables of a single photon
• Necessary and sufficient conditions for macroscopic realism from quantum mechanics
• Experimental detection of quantum coherent evolution through the violation of Leggett-Garg-type inequalities
• Entanglement: Quantum or Classical?
• Experimental violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality under decoherence
• A scattering quantum circuit for measuring Bell's time inequality: a nuclear magnetic resonance demonstration using maximally mixed states
• Violation of contextual generalization of the Leggett-Garg inequality for recognition of ambiguous figures
• Complex joint probabilities as expressions of determinism in quantum mechanics
• Certainty in Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: Revisiting definitions for estimation errors and disturbance
• Violation of Entropic Leggett-Garg Inequality in Nuclear Spins
• Could light harvesting complexes exhibit non-classical effects at room temperature?
• Experiment Investigating the Connection between Weak Values and Contextuality
• Weak measurements with orbital angular momentum pointer states
• Ultra-sensitive phase estimation with white light
• Leggett-Garg test of superconducting qubit addressing the clumsiness loophole
• Contextual-value approach to the generalized measurement of observables
• Probing the Leggett-Garg Inequality for Oscillating Neutral Kaons and Neutrinos
• Demonstration of Weak Measurement Based on Atomic Spontaneous Emission
• Experimental test of non-macrorealistic cat-states in the cloud
• On the role of complex phases in the quantum statistics of weak measurements
• How weak values emerge in joint measurements on cloned quantum systems
• Weak measurements with a qubit meter
• Leggett-Garg inequalities and the geometry of the cut polytope
• A macro-realism inequality for opto-electro-mechanical systems
• Quantum measurement engines and their relevance for quantum interpretations
• Weak values are universal in von Neumann measurements
• Properties and Applications of the Kirkwood-Dirac Distribution
• Hardy's paradox and violation of a state-independent Bell inequality in time
• Determination of weak values of quantum operators using only strong measurements
• Full counting statistics of energy fluctuations in a driven quantum resonator
• Leggett--Garg inequality violations with a large ensemble of qubits
• Experimental violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in a 3-level system
• Tests of Fundamental Quantum Mechanics and Dark Interactions with Low Energy Neutrons -- Extended Version
• Quantum non-demolition measurement enables macroscopic Leggett-Garg tests
• Comparing Conditions for Macrorealism: Leggett-Garg Inequalities vs No-Signaling in Time
• Post-selected von Neumann measurement with Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian pointer states
• Using weak values to experimentally determine "negative probabilities" in a two-photon state with Bell correlations
• Optimal experimental demonstration of error-tolerant quantum witnesses
• The Leggett-Garg inequality in electron interferometers
• Experimental realization of post-selected weak measurements on an NMR quantum processor
• When is a quantum heat engine quantum?
• Classical Field Approach to Quantum Weak Measurements
• Anomalous Weak Values and the Violation of a Multiple-measurement Leggett-Garg Inequality
• Weak values and quantum properties
• Estimation of a quantum interaction parameter using weak measurements: Theory and experiment
• Study of temporal quantum correlations in decohering B and K meson systems
• A Unifying Framework for Spatial and Temporal Quantum Correlations
• General complex Spin Weak Values obtained in Matter-Wave Interferometer Experiments
• Three Flavoured neutrino oscillations and the Leggett Garg Inequality
• Observing trajectories with weak measurements in quantum systems in the semiclassical regime
• Probing various formulations of macrorealism for unsharp quantum measurements
• Assessing the quantumness of a damped two-level system
• Interference experiment, anomalous weak value and Leggett-Garg test of macrorealism
• Decoherence and maximal violations of the Leggett-Garg inequality
• Quantum Fingerprints in Higher Order Correlators of a Spin Qubit
• Quantum optical reconstruction scheme using weak values
• Sequential measurements of non-commuting observables with quantum controlled interactions
• Extracting joint weak values from two-dimensional spatial displacements
• Enhanced violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities in an experimental three-level system
• Advantages of nonclassical pointer states in postselected weak measurements
• Experimental Realization of Sequential Weak Measurements of Arbitrary Non-commuting Pauli Observables
• Fock-state view of weak-value measurements and implementation with photons and atomic ensembles
• Avoiding Loopholes with Hybrid Bell-Leggett-Garg Inequalities
• How quantum paradoxes originate from the non-classical statistics of physical properties related to each other by half-periodic transformations
• What is a quantum-mechanical 'weak value' the value of?
• Detecting violations of macrorealism when the original Leggett-Garg inequalities are satisfied
• Ambiguous measurements, signalling and violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities
• Noninvasive Measurement of Dynamic Correlation Functions
• Observing the "quantum Cheshire cat" effect with noninvasive weak measurement
• Quantum Time: experimental multi-time correlations
• Modeling Leggett-Garg-inequality violation
• Unifying theory of quantum state estimation using past and future information
• Testing sequential quantum measurements: how can maximal knowledge be extracted?
• Investigating the Effects of the Interaction Intensity in a Weak Measurement
• Temporal teleportation with pseudo-density operators: how dynamics emerges from temporal entanglement
• Anomalous weak values via a single photon detection
• Reconfigurable controlled two-qubit operation on a quantum photonic chip
• Universal two-time correlations, out-of-time-ordered correlators and Leggett-Garg inequality violation by edge Majorana fermion qubits
• Inequivalent Leggett-Garg inequalities
• Loophole free interferometric test of macrorealism using heralded single photons
• Single-pair measurement of the Bell parameter
• Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the weak value
• New Test of Neutrino Oscillation Coherence with Leggett-Garg Inequality
• Experimental violations of Leggett-Garg's inequalities on a quantum computer
• A framework for measuring weak values without weak interactions and its diagrammatic representation
• Subtleties of witnessing quantum coherence in non-isolated systems
• On the fundamental role of dynamics in quantum physics
• Leggett-Garg tests of macro-realism for multi-particle systems including double-well Bose-Einstein condensates
• Quantum violation of variants of LGIs upto algebraic maximum for qubit system
• Violations of a Leggett-Garg inequality without signalling for a photonic qutrit probed with ambiguous measurements
• Probing quantumness with joint continuous measurements of non-commuting qubit observables
• Enhanced violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality under nonequilibrium thermal conditions
• On the violation of L$\ddot{u}$ders bound of macrorealist and noncontextual inequalities
• Leggett-Garg Correlation Functions from Non-Invasive Velocity Measurement Continuous in Time
• An Interaction-Free Quantum Measurement-Driven Engine
• Leggett-Garg tests of macro-realism for dynamical cat-states evolving in a nonlinear medium
• Testing macroscopic local realism using cat-states and Bell inequalities in time
• Operational formulation of weak values without probe systems
• Unification of Bell, Leggett-Garg and Kochen-Specker inequalities: A hybrid spatio-temporal inequality
• Quantum smoothing for classical mixtures
• Implementing generalized measurements with superconducting qubits
• Necessary and sufficient conditions for macrorealism using two and three-time Leggett-Garg inequalities
• An experimental investigation of measurement-induced disturbance and time symmetry in quantum physics
• Local measurement uncertainties impose a limit on non-local quantum correlations
• The role of system-meter entanglement in controlling the resolution and decoherence of quantum measurements
• Markovian and non-Markovian quantum measurements
• Algebraic maximum violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in a two-level system under PT symmetric dynamics
• Probing inequivalent forms of Legget-Garg inequality in subatomic systems
• Influence of equilibrium and nonequilibrium environments on macroscopic realism through the Leggett-Garg inequalities
• Theory and experiment for resource-efficient joint weak-measurement
• Weak interference in the high-signal regime
• Estimating Pre- and Post-Selected Ensembles
• Single system based generation of certified randomness using Leggett-Garg inequality
• Entropic Leggett-Garg inequality in neutrinos and B (K) meson systems
• Leggett-Garg inequalities for quantum fluctuating work
• Geometrical interpretation of the argument of weak values of general observables in N-level quantum systems
• On the relation between measurement outcomes and physical properties
• Violation of a Leggett-Garg inequality using ideal negative measurements in neutron interferometry
• Macroscopic delayed-choice and retrocausality: quantum eraser, Leggett-Garg and dimension witness tests with cat states
• Protective Measurement -- a new quantum measurement paradigm: detailed description of the first realisation
• Leggett-Garg tests for macrorealism in the quantum harmonic oscillator and more general bound systems
• Persistence of quantum violation of macrorealism for large spins even under coarsening of measurement times
• A Scheme for Performing Strong and Weak Sequential Measurements of Non-commuting Observables
• Dimension-independent weak value estimation via controlled SWAP operations
• Violation of Leggett-Garg type inequalities in a driven two level atom interacting with a squeezed thermal reservoir
• Enhancing violations of Leggett-Garg inequalities in nonequilibrium correlated many-body systems by interactions and decoherence
• Comment on `A scattering quantum circuit for measuring Bell's time inequality: a nuclear magnetic resonance demonstration using maximally mixed states'
• Leggett-Garg violations for continuous variable systems with gaussian states
• Mesoscopic and macroscopic quantum correlations in photonic, atomic and optomechanical systems
• Probabilistic simulation of mesoscopic "Schrödinger cat" states
• Violating the Leggett-Garg inequalities with classical light
• Complex counterpart of variance in quantum measurements for pre- and post-selected systems
• Consequences of the single-pair measurement of the Bell parameter
• Experimental Violation of the Leggett-Garg Inequality Using the Polarization of Classical Light
• Testing Bell inequalities with weak measurements
• Strict experimental test of macroscopic realism in a light-matter-interfaced system
• Constraints on Macroscopic Realism Without Assuming Non-Invasive Measurability
• Weak versus deterministic macroscopic realism, and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen's elements of reality
• A strange weak value in spontaneous pair productions via a supercritical step potential
• Violation of Leggett-Garg inequalities in single quantum dot
• Memory effects in a sequence of measurements of non-commuting observables
• Effect of memory on the violation of Leggett-Garg inequality
• Observation of quantum temporal correlations well beyond Luders bound
• Proposal for a clumsiness-free test of macroscopic realism
• Experimental demonstration of the violation of the temporal Peres-Mermin inequality using contextual temporal correlations and noninvasive measurements
• Observation of Full Hierarchy of Temporal Quantum Correlations with a Superconducting Qubit
• The Leggett-Garg inequalities and the relative entropy of coherence in the Bixon-Jortner model
• Leggett-Garg test of macrorealism using indefinite causal order of measurements
• Overcoming experimental limitations in a non-linear two-qubit gate through postselection
• A weak-value model for virtual particles supplying the electric current in graphene: the minimal conductivity and the Schwinger mechanism
• Quantum causality relations and the emergence of reality from coherent superpositions
• Weak value amplification using spectral interference of Fano resonance
• Lüders bounds of Leggett-Garg inequalities, $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$- symmetric evolution and arrow-of-time
• The Leggett-Garg inequality and Page-Wootters mechanism
• Seeing opportunity in every difficulty: protecting information with weak value techniques
• A macrorealistic test in hybrid quantum optomechanics
• Nuclear Spins as Quantum Testbeds: Singlet States, Quantum Correlations, and Delayed-choice Experiments
• The real and imaginary parts of a weak value appearing as back-actions via a post-selection
• Violations of the Leggett-Garg inequality for coherent and cat states
• Neither weak nor strong entropic Leggett-Garg inequalities can be violated
• Leggett-Garg Inequality for a Two-Level System under Decoherence: A Broader Range of Violation
• Quantum violations of Lüders bound Leggett-Garg inequalities for quantum channel
• Light polarization measurements in tests of macrorealism
• Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in cognitive processes
• Quantum state tomography on closed timelike curves using weak measurements
• Quantumness of electron transport in quantum dot devices through Leggett-Garg inequalities: A non-equilibrium Green's function approach
• Hidden nonmacrorealism: reviving the Leggett-Garg inequality with stochastic operations
• Measure the temperature of the spin via weak measurement
• Spin Squeezing, Macrorealism and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Spatial Leggett-Garg inequalities
• Probability vector representation of the Schrödinger equation and Leggett-Garg-type experiments
• Imprints of LGI violation in Mesons
• Assessing the dynamical assumptions in Tsirelson inequality tests of non-classicality in harmonic oscillators
• Leggett-Garg inequalities with deformed Pegg-Barnett phase observables
• An exploration of the limits of control using quantum superpositions
• Certified Quantumness via Single-Shot Temporal Measurements
• Violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in photon-graviton conversion
• Testing time order and Leggett-Garg inequalities with noninvasive measurements on public quantum computers
• Ancilla Assisted Quantum Information Processing: General protocols and NMR implementations
• Chaos-Mediated Quantum State Discrimination Near Unit Fidelity
• Experimental demonstration of quantum pigeonhole paradox
• Quantum Non-Demolition Measurements and Leggett-Garg inequality