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Limit Cycles in a Photonic Dimer with Tuneable Non-Hermitian Interactions
Kevin J. H. Peters, Peter Schnorrenberg, Daniel Ehrmanntraut +2
Interactions govern the emergence of collective behaviour in classical and quantum many-body systems. While conservative interactions are well known to generate nonlinear phenomena…
Fluctuations of a Photon Bose-Einstein Condensate Coupled to a Reservoir: Describing Coherence Properties in a Free-Energy Model
Martin Weitz, Andreas Redmann, Riccardo Panico +4
Photons are mutually nearly noninteracting particles, so thermalized photon ensembles are commonly obtained not from direct particle-particle-interactions but rather from contact w…
Universal critical behavior in ideal Bose-Einstein condensation
Arturo Camacho-Guardian, Leon Kleebank, Frank Vewinger +4
Ideal Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) remains a paradigmatic example of a continuous phase transition and a cornerstone for understanding quantum degenerate bosonic matter. We dem…
Observation of critical scaling in the Bose gas universality class
Leon Kleebank, Frank Vewinger, Arturo Camacho-Guardian +4
Critical exponents characterize the divergent scaling of thermodynamic quantities near phase transitions and allow for the classification of physical systems into universality clas…
Time-periodic driving of a bath-coupled open quantum gas of light
Andris Erglis, Alexander Sazhin, Frank Vewinger +3
We study the frequency-resolved density response of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a bath of dye molecules by time-periodic driving. By monitoring the photon number d…
Thermodynamics and State Preparation in a Two-State System of Light
Christian Kurtscheid, Andreas Redmann, Frank Vewinger +2
The coupling of two-level quantum systems to the thermal environment is a fundamental problem, with applications ranging from qubit state preparation to spin models. However, for t…
Observation of Nonlinear Response and Onsager Regression in a Photon Bose-Einstein Condensate
Alexander Sazhin, Vladimir N. Gladilin, Andris Erglis +5
The quantum regression theorem states that the correlations of a system at two different times are governed by the same equations of motion as the temporal response of the average…
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons in a Four-Site Quantum Ring
Andreas Redmann, Christian Kurtscheid, Niels Wolf +3
Thermalization of radiation by contact to matter is a well-known concept, but the application of thermodynamic methods to complex quantum states of light remains a challenge. Here…
Dimensional Crossover in a Quantum Gas of Light
Kirankumar Karkihalli Umesh, Julian Schulz, Julian Schmitt +3
The dimensionality of a system profoundly influences its physical behaviour, leading to the emergence of different states of matter in many-body quantum systems. In lower dimension…
Fluctuation-dissipation relation for a Bose-Einstein condensate of photons
Fahri Emre Öztürk, Frank Vewinger, Martin Weitz +1
For equilibrium systems, the magnitude of thermal fluctuations is closely linked to the dissipative response to external perturbations. This fluctuation-dissipation relation has be…
Emergence of isotropy and dynamic scaling in 2D wave turbulence in a homogeneous Bose gas
Maciej Gałka, Panagiotis Christodoulou, Martin Gazo +4
We realise a turbulent cascade of wave excitations in a homogeneous 2D Bose gas, and probe on all relevant time and length scales how it builds up from small to large momenta, unti…
Compressibility and the Equation of State of an Optical Quantum Gas in a Box
Erik Busley, Leon Espert Miranda, Andreas Redmann +5
The compressibility of a medium, quantifying its response to mechanical perturbations, is a fundamental property determined by the equation of state. For gases of material particle…
Observation of a non-Hermitian phase transition in an optical quantum gas
Fahri Emre Öztürk, Tim Lappe, Göran Hellmann +5
Quantum gases of light, as photons or polariton condensates in optical microcavities, are collective quantum systems enabling a tailoring of dissipation from e.g. cavity loss. This…
Observation of first and second sound in a BKT superfluid
Panagiotis Christodoulou, Maciej Gałka, Nishant Dogra +3
Superfluidity in its various forms has fascinated scientists since the observation of frictionless flow in liquid helium II. In three spatial dimensions (3D), it is conceptually as…
Realizing arbitrary trapping potentials for light via direct laser writing of mirror surface profiles
Christian Kurtscheid, David Dung, Andreas Redmann +5
The versatility of quantum gas experiments greatly benefits from the ability to apply variable potentials. Here we describe a method which allows the preparation of potential struc…
Dynamics and correlations of a Bose-Einstein condensate of photons
Julian Schmitt
The Tutorial reports recent experimental advances in studies of the dynamics as well as the number and phase correlations of a Bose-Einstein condensed photon gas confined in a high…
Elliptic flow in a strongly-interacting normal Bose gas
Richard J. Fletcher, Jay Man, Raphael Lopes +6
We study the anisotropic, elliptic expansion of a thermal atomic Bose gas released from an anisotropic trapping potential, for a wide range of interaction strengths across a Feshba…
Variable Potentials for Thermalized Light and Coupled Condensates
David Dung, Christian Kurtscheid, Tobias Damm +4
For over a decade, cold atoms in lattice potentials have been an attractive platform to simulate phenomena known from solid state theory, as the Mott-insulator transition. In contr…
First-order spatial coherence measurements in a thermalized two-dimensional photonic quantum gas
Tobias Damm, David Dung, Frank Vewinger +2
Phase transitions between different states of matter can profoundly modify the order in physical systems, with the emergence of ferromagnetic or topological order constituting impo…
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons versus Lasing and Hanbury Brown-Twiss Measurements with a Condensate of Light
Julian Schmitt, Tobias Damm, David Dung +3
The advent of controlled experimental accessibility of Bose-Einstein condensates, as realized with e.g. cold atomic gases, exciton-polaritons, and more recently photons in a dye-fi…
Calorimetry of a Bose-Einstein condensed photon gas
Tobias Damm, Julian Schmitt, Qi Liang +4
Phase transitions, as the condensation of a gas to a liquid, are often revealed by a discontinuous behavior of thermodynamic quantities. For liquid Helium, for example, a divergenc…
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and phase coherence of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a reservoir
Julian Schmitt, Tobias Damm, David Dung +4
We examine the phase evolution of a Bose-Einstein condensate of photons generated in a dye microcavity by temporal interference with a phase reference. The photo-excitable dye mole…
Thermalization kinetics of light: From laser dynamics to equilibrium condensation of photons
Julian Schmitt, Tobias Damm, David Dung +3
We report a time-resolved study of the thermalization dynamics and the lasing to photon Bose-Einstein condensation crossover by in-\textit{situ} monitoring the photon kinetics in a…
Observation of grand-canonical number statistics in a photon Bose-Einstein condensate
Julian Schmitt, Tobias Damm, David Dung +3
We report measurements of particle number correlations and fluctuations of a photon Bose-Einstein condensate in a dye microcavity using a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment. The photon…