Template-stripped gold surfaces with 0.4 nm rms roughness suitable for force measurements. Application to the Casimir force in the 20-100 nm range

Abstract

Using a template-stripping method, macroscopic gold surfaces with root-mean-square (rms) roughness less than 0.4 nm have been prepared, making them useful for studies of surface interactions in the nanometer range. The utility of such substrates is demonstrated by measurements of the Casimir force at surface separations between 20 and 100 nm, resulting in good agreement with theory. The significance and quantification of this agreement is addressed, as well as some methodological aspects regarding the measurement of the Casimir force with high accuracy.

7 figures

References in corpus (3)

• Casimir force between metallic mirrors
• Improved Precision Measurement of the Casimir Force
• Complete roughness and conductivity corrections for the recent Casimir force measurement

Cited by in corpus (151)

• New Developments in the Casimir Effect
• Surface Electromagnetic Waves Thermally Excited: Radiative Heat Transfer, Coherence Properties and Casimir Forces Revisited in the Near Field
• The Casimir force between real materials: experiment and theory
• Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law
• Nonlinear Micromechanical Casimir Oscillator
• The Casimir effect: Recent controversies and progress
• Measurement of the Temperature Dependence of the Casimir-Polder Force
• Precise comparison of theory and new experiment for the Casimir force leads to stronger constraints on thermal quantum effects and long-range interactions
• Evading Equivalence Principle Violations, Cosmological and other Experimental Constraints in Scalar Field Theories with a Strong Coupling to Matter
• Scattering Theory Approach to Electrodynamic Casimir Forces
• Improved tests of extra-dimensional physics and thermal quantum field theory from new Casimir force measurements
• Novel constraints on light elementary particles and extra-dimensional physics from the Casimir effect
• The Casimir effect within scattering theory
• Measurement of the Casimir force between a gold sphere and silicon surface with nanoscale trench arrays
• Casimir Effect on the Worldline
• Violation of the Nernst heat theorem in the theory of thermal Casimir force between Drude metals
• Casimir effect for curved geometries: PFA validity limits
• Scalar Casimir effect between Dirichlet spheres or a plate and a sphere
• Review of short-range gravity experiments in the LHC era
• Surface plasmon modes and the Casimir energy
• Effect of hydrogen-switchable mirrors on the Casimir force
• Stronger limits on hypothetical Yukawa interactions in the 40--8000 nm range
• On the torque on birefringent plates induced by quantum fluctuations
• Optical properties of gold films and the Casimir force
• The Casimir force and the quantum theory of lossy optical cavities
• Worldline algorithms for Casimir configurations
• Does the Transverse Electric Zero Mode Contribute to the Casimir Effect for a Metal?
• Casimir effect with rough metallic mirrors
• Influence of random roughness on the Casimir force at small separations
• Isoelectronic determination of the thermal Casimir force
• Theory confronts experiment in the Casimir force measurements: quantification of errors and precision
• New constraints on ultrashort-ranged Yukawa interactions from atomic force microscopy
• Efficient Computation of Casimir Interactions between Arbitrary 3D Objects
• Thermal corrections to the Casimir effect
• Thermal quantum field theory and the Casimir interaction between dielectrics
• Observation of the skin-depth effect on the Casimir force between metallic surfaces
• Casimir edge effects
• Investigation of the Casimir force between metal and semiconductor test bodies
• Exact Casimir interaction between eccentric cylinders
• Experimental test for the conductivity properties from the Casimir force between metal and semiconductor
• Surface-impedance approach solves problems with the thermal Casimir force between real metals
• Correlation of energy and free energy for the thermal Casimir force between real metals
• Correction to the Casimir force due to the anomalous skin effect
• Fluctuation induced quantum interactions between compact objects and a plane mirror
• Thermodynamical aspects of the Casimir force between real metals at nonzero temperature
• Roughness correction to the Casimir force : Beyond the Proximity Force Approximation
• Virtual photons in imaginary time: Computing exact Casimir forces via standard numerical-electromagnetism techniques
• Sample dependence of the Casimir forces
• Nonlocal impedances and the Casimir entropy at low temperatures
• Casimir forces and non-Newtonian gravitation
• Detectability of dissipative motion in quantum vacuum via superradiance
• Temperature dependence of the Casimir force between real metals: problems and approach to their resolution
• Exploring the van der Waals Atom-Surface attraction in the nanometric range
• Constraints on non-Newtonian gravity from the Casimir force measurements between two crossed cylinders
• Exact zero-point interaction energy between cylinders
• Casimir interactions in graphene systems
• Thermal Casimir effect for Drude metals in the plane-sphere geometry
• Multidimensional cut-off technique, odd-dimensional Epstein zeta functions and Casimir energy of massless scalar fields
• Comment on Repulsive Casimir Forces
• Roughness correction to the Casimir force at short separations: Contact distance and extreme value statistics
• Advance and prospects in constraining the Yukawa-type corrections to Newtonian gravity from the Casimir effect
• Radiative heat transfer and nonequilibrium Casimir-Lifshitz force in many-body systems with planar geometry
• Measurement of dispersive forces between evaporated metal surfaces in the range below 100 nm
• Experimental procedures for precision measurements of the Casimir force with an Atomic Force Microscope
• Towards a Theory of Molecular Forces between Deformed Media
• Analytic approach to the thermal Casimir force between metal and dielectric
• Casimir Effect as a Test for Thermal Corrections and Hypothetical Long-Range Interactions
• Quantized Casimir Force
• Comments on the Sign and Other Aspects of Semiclassical Casimir Energies
• Surface impedance and the Casimir force
• Thermal correction to the Casimir force, radiative heat transfer, and an experiment
• Temperature correction to the Casimir force in cryogenic range and anomalous skin effect
• Classical and fluctuation-induced electromagnetic interactions in micronscale systems: designer bonding, antibonding, and Casimir forces
• Recent Developments in the Casimir Effect
• Testing the Newton law at long distances
• The effect of patch potentials in Casimir force measurements determined by heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy
• Thermal corrections in Casimir interaction between metal and dielectric
• Radiative corrections to the Casimir effect for the massive scalar field
• Transition from Casimir to van der Waals force between macroscopic bodies
• Casimir force under the influence of real conditions
• Experiment, theory and the Casimir effect
• The Casimir effect in the nanoworld
• Results from electrostatic calibrations for measuring the Casimir force in the cylinder-plane geometry
• Probing new intra-atomic force with isotope shifts
• Rigorous approach to the comparison between experiment and theory in Casimir force measurements
• Optical properties of atomic Mott insulators: from slow light to dynamical Casimir effects
• Towards detecting traces of non-contact quantum friction in the corrections of the accumulated geometric phase
• Reply to "Comment on 'Precision measurement of the Casimir-Lifshitz force in a fluid'"
• On the control of the lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces
• Lateral Casimir-Polder force with corrugated surfaces
• Functional approach to the fermionic Casimir effect
• High sensitivity, levitated microsphere apparatus for short-distance force measurements
• Constraints on non-Newtonian gravity and axionlike particles from measuring the Casimir force in nanometer separation range
• Three-body Casimir effects and non-monotonic forces
• The State of the Art in Constraining Axion-to-Nucleon Coupling and Non-Newtonian Gravity from Laboratory Experiments
• An experimental apparatus for measuring the Casimir effect at large distances
• Numerical evaluation of the Casimir interaction between cylinders
• Scalar Casimir-Polder forces for uniaxial corrugations
• Influence of water adsorbed on gold on van der Waals/Casimir forces
• Efficient Evaluation of Casimir Force in Arbitrary Three-dimensional Geometries by Integral Equation Methods
• Recent breakthrough and outlook in constraining the non-Newtonian gravity and axion-like particles from Casimir physics
• The Casimir energy between nanostructured gratings of arbitrary periodic profile
• A generalized Kramers-Kronig transform for Casimir effect computations
• Casimir energy and geometry : beyond the Proximity Force Approximation
• Casimir forces between cylinders at different temperatures
• Thermal corrections to quantum friction and decoherence: a Closed-Time-Path approach to atom-surface interaction
• Temperature Correction to Casimir-Lifshitz Free Energy at Low Temperatures: Semiconductors
• Roughness corrections to the Casimir force: The importance of local surface slope
• Casimir Energies: Temperature Dependence, Dispersion, and Anomalies
• Recent measurements of the Casimir force: Comparison between experiment and theory
• Modelling superradiant amplification of Casimir photons in very low dissipation cavities
• Casimir effect from a scattering approach
• Dark Matter Axions, Non-Newtonian Gravity and Constraints on them from Recent Measurement of the Casimir Force in the Micrometer Separation Range
• Isotopic Dependence of the Casimir Force
• Evanescent character of the repulsive thermal Casimir force
• Casimir torque between corrugated metallic plates
• Sensitivity and accuracy of Casimir force measurements in air
• Casimir interaction between inclined metallic cylinders
• Casimir energies with finite-width mirrors
• Edge effects in electrostatic calibrations for the measurement of the Casimir force
• Beyond the simple Proximity Force Approximation: geometrical effects on the non-retarded Casimir interaction
• Casimir Energy for a Coupled Fermion-Kink System and its stability
• Casimir Effect : Theory and Experiments
• Strengthening constraints on Yukawa-type corrections to Newtonian gravity from measuring the Casimir force between a cylinder and a plate
• Long range Casimir force induced by transverse electromagnetic modes
• Casimir force calculations near the insulator-conductor transition in gold thin films
• Casimir experiments showing saturation effects
• Geometry and material effects in Casimir physics - Scattering theory
• Relativistic effects in search for new intra-atomic force with isotope shifts
• Something Can Come of Nothing: Surface Approaches to Quantum Fluctuations and the Casimir Force
• Casimir effect in the scattering approach: correlations between material properties, temperature and geometry
• Semiclassical Estimates of Electromagnetic Casimir Self-Energies of Spherical and Cylindrical Metallic Shells
• Universal Casimir attraction between filaments at the cell scale
• Low temperature Casimir-Lifshitz free energy and entropy: the case of poor conductors
• Casimir effect with machine learning
• A mathematical analysis of Casimir interactions I: The scalar field
• A torsion balance for probing a non-standard force in the sub-micrometre range
• Quantum vacuum fluctuations
• Computing the Casimir energy using the point-matching method
• On the accuracy of the PFA: analogies between Casimir and electrostatic forces
• The Casimir effect for a massless spin-3/2 field in Minkowski spacetime
• Statistical approach to Casimir-Polder potentials in heterogeneous media
• How to strengthen constraints on non-Newtonian gravity from measuring the lateral Casimir force
• Distinguishing models of surface response through the self-energy of an electron
• Frequency-dependent Drude damping in Casimir force calculations
• Constraints on Non-Newtonian Gravity from Recent Casimir Force Measurements
• Probing New Forces with Nuclear Clocks
• Impact of Casimir Force in Molecular Electronic Switching Junctions
• Recent Experiments on the Casimir Effect: Description and Analysis
• Applied String Theory
• A summation method based on the Fourier series of periodic distributions and an example