Quantum Tunneling in Nuclear Fusion

Abstract

Recent theoretical advances in the study of heavy ion fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to new ways of analyzing data, such as studying barrier distributions; new approaches to channel coupling, such as the path integral and Green function formalisms; and alternative methods to describe nuclear structure effects, such as those using the Interacting Boson Model. The roles of nucleon transfer, asymmetry effects, higher-order couplings, and shape-phase transitions are elucidated. The current status of the fusion of unstable nuclei and very massive systems are briefly discussed.

To appear in the January 1998 issue of Reviews of Modern Physics. 13 Figures (postscript file for Figure 6 is not available; a hard copy can be requested from the authors). Full text and figures are also available at http://nucth.physics.wisc.edu/preprints/

References in corpus (1)

• Role of anharmonicities of nuclear vibrations in fusion reactions at subbarrier energies

Cited by in corpus (151)

• Influence of nuclear structure on sub-barrier hindrance in Ni+Ni fusion
• Role of break-up processes in fusion enhancement of drip-line nuclei at energies below the Coulomb barrier
• Heavy-ions collisions and fission dynamics with the time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory and its extensions
• An Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model and its Applications to Fusion Reaction near Barrier
• Energy dependence of nucleus-nucleus potential close to the Coulomb barrier
• Systematics of heavy-ion fusion hindrance at extreme sub-barrier energies
• 3-D unrestricted TDHF fusion calculations using the full Skyrme interaction
• Fusion Induced by Radioactive Ion Beams
• Large-angle scattering and quasi-elastic barrier distributions
• Coupled-channels effects in elastic scattering and near-barrier fusion induced by weakly bound nuclei and exotic halo nuclei
• Hindrance of Heavy-ion Fusion at Extreme Sub-Barrier Energies in Open-shell Colliding Systems
• Recent experimental results in sub- and near-barrier heavy ion fusion reactions
• Systematics of threshold incident energy for deep sub-barrier fusion hindrance
• Effects of nuclear deformation and neutron transfer in capture process, and origin of fusion hindrance at deep sub-barrier energies
• Signature of smooth transition from diabatic to adiabatic states in heavy-ion fusion reactions at deep subbarrier energies
• Microscopic approach to coupled-channels effects on fusion
• WKB approximation for multi-channel barrier penetrability
• Fusion cross sections at deep subbarrier energies
• Existence of One-Body Barrier Revealed in Deep Sub-Barrier Fusion
• Coupled-channels calculations for nuclear reactions: from exotic nuclei to superheavy elements
• Reaction mechanisms in the 6Li+59Co system
• Systematics of capture and fusion dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Probing surface diffuseness of nucleus-nucleus potential with quasielastic scattering at deep sub-barrier energies
• How does an interacting many-body system tunnel through a potential barrier to open space?
• On the Validity of the Geiger-Nuttall Alpha-Decay Law and its Microscopic Basis
• Dynamical analysis on heavy-ion fusion reactions near Coulomb barrier
• ${}^{64}$Ni+${}^{64}$Ni fusion reaction calculated with the density-constrained time-dependent Hartree-Fock formalism
• Time-dependent Hartree-Fock plus Langevin approach for hot fusion reactions to synthesize the $Z=120$ superheavy element
• Systematic study of $\alpha$ decay for isomer related nuclei within a two-potential approach
• Fusion of radioactive ${}^{132}$Sn with ${}^{64}$Ni
• TDHF fusion calculations for spherical+deformed systems
• Study of ${}^{64}$Ni+${}^{132}$Sn Fusion with Density Constrained TDHF Formalism
• Dynamical deformation effects in subbarrier fusion of ${}^{64}$Ni+${}^{132}$Sn
• Hindrance in the fusion of ${}^{48}$Ca+${}^{48}$Ca
• Alpha decay as a probe for the structure of neutron-deficient nuclei
• Coulomb interaction between a spherical and a deformed nuclei
• Successful prediction of total $\alpha$-induced reaction cross sections at astrophysically relevant sub-Coulomb energies using a novel approach
• Systematic investigations of deep sub-barrier fusion reactions using an adiabatic approach
• Tunneling of a composite particle: Effects of intrinsic structure
• Fusion cross-section for Ni-based reactions within the relativistic mean field formalism
• Coupled-channels calculations of ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O fusion
• Hot fusion reactions with deformed nuclei for synthesis of superheavy nuclei: an extension of the fusion-by-diffusion model
• Sensitivity to multi-phonon excitations in heavy-ion fusion reactions
• A Generalized Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian and Supersymmetric Shape-Invariance
• Quantum Münchhausen effect in tunneling
• Stochastic Semi-Classical Description of Fusion at Near-Barrier Energies
• The multidimensional model of cluster radioactivity
• Dynamic study on fusion reactions for ${}^{40,48}$Ca+${}^{90,96}$Zr around Coulomb barrier
• Vacuum Decay in Real Time and Imaginary Time Formalisms
• Microscopic analysis of fusion hindrance in heavy systems
• Time-dependent approach to many-particle tunneling in one-dimension
• Potential inversion with subbarrier fusion data revisited
• Dynamical effects in fusion with exotic nuclei
• Coupled-channels density-matrix approach to low-energy nuclear collision dynamics: A technique for quantifying quantum decoherence effects on reaction observables
• Green's Function for Nonlocal Potentials
• Nucleus-nucleus potential with shell-correction contribution and deep sub-barrier fusion of heavy nuclei
• Controlling the Velocities and Number of Emitted Particles in the Tunneling to Open Space Dynamics
• Sub-barrier fusion enhancement with radioactive 134Te
• Systematic study of $\alpha$ decay half-lives based on Gamow--like model with a screened electrostatic barrier
• Microscopic study of ${}^{40}$Ca+${}^{58,64}$Ni fusion reactions
• Quantum Tunneling and Scattering of a Composite Object: Revisited and Reassessed
• Quantum design using a multiple internal reflections method in a study of fusion processes in the capture of alpha-particles by nuclei
• Role of non-collective excitations in low-energy heavy-ion reactions
• Anharmonicity of multi-octupole-phonon excitations in ${}^{208}$Pb: analysis with multi-reference covariant density functional theory and subbarrier fusion of ${}^{16}$O+${}^{208}$Pb
• Low-lying Resonances and Relativistic Screening in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• New Enhanced Tunneling in Nuclear Processes
• Resonant tunneling in a schematic model
• Coupled-channels analyses for large-angle quasi-elastic scattering in massive systems
• Semiclassical calculations of complete and incomplete fusion in collisions of weakly bound nuclei
• Absence of decoherence in the complex potential approach to nuclear scattering
• Role of non-collective excitations in heavy-ion fusion reactions and quasi-elastic scattering around the Coulomb barrier
• Fusion dynamics of symmetric systems near barrier energies
• Supersymmetric and Shape-Invariant Generalization for Nonresonant and Intensity-Dependent Jaynes-Cummings Systems
• A Universal Damping Mechanism of Quantum Vibrations in Deep Sub-Barrier Fusion Reactions
• Quantum tunneling with friction
• Quasi-elastic scattering in the 20Ne + 90,92Zr reactions: role of non-collective excitations
• Experimental study of the ${}^{17}$F+ ${}^{12}$C fusion reaction and its implications for fusion of proton-halo systems
• Density Functional Theory Approach to Nuclear Fission
• Quantum tunneling of a complex systems: effects of finite size and intrinsic structure
• Fusion reaction of a weakly-bound nucleus with a deformed target
• Enhancement of fusion rates due to quantum effects in the particles momentum distribution in nonideal media
• New quasibound states of the compound nucleus in $\alpha$-particle capture by the nucleus
• Barrier Penetration for Supersymmetric Shape-Invariant Potentials
• Dynamics of a few interacting bosons escaping from an open well
• Theoretical study of fusion reactions ${}^{32}$S + ${}^{94,96}$Zr and ${}^{40}$Ca + ${}^{94,96}$Zr and quadrupole deformation of ${}^{94}$Zr
• Tunneling of slow quantum packets through the high Coulomb barrier
• Radiation correction to astrophysical fusion reactions and the electron screening problem
• Applicability of the orientation average formula in heavy-ion fusion reactions of deformed nuclei
• Quantum tunneling in ^{277}112 and its alpha-decay chain
• Subbarrier fusion reactions of an aligned deformed nucleus
• Transfer/Breakup Channel Couplings in Sub-barrier Fusion Reactions
• TDHF and a macroscopic aspect of low-energy nuclear reactions
• Enhanced subbarrier fusion for proton halo nuclei
• Effects of finite width of excited states on heavy-ion sub-barrier fusion reactions
• Asymmetric Tunneling of Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Non-collective excitations in low-energy heavy-ion reactions: applicability of the random-matrix model
• Coupled-channels analyses for ${}^{9,11}$Li + ${}^{208}$Pb fusion reactions with multi-neutron transfer couplings
• Momentum correlations of a few ultra-cold bosons escaping from an open well
• Coherence dynamics in low-energy nuclear fusion
• Role of hexadecapole deformation of projectile ${}^{28}$Si in heavy-ion fusion reactions near the Coulomb barrier
• Numerical simulations of quantum clock for measuring tunneling times
• The Fusion-by-Diffusion model as a tool to calculate cross sections for the production of superheavy nuclei
• Nucleon microscopy in proton-nucleus scattering via analysis of bremsstrahlung emission
• Investigating multi-channel quantum tunneling in heavy-ion fusion reactions with Bayesian spectral deconvolution
• Applicability of the Wong formula for fusion cross sections from light to heavy systems
• Nuclear reactions in hot stellar matter and nuclear surface deformation
• Interaction-controlled impurity transport in trapped mixtures of ultracold bosons
• An extra push from entrance-channel effects
• Transition from subbarrier to deep subbarrier regimes in heavy-ion fusion reactions
• Origin of a maximum of astrophysical $S$ factor in heavy-ion fusion reactions at deep subbarrier energies
• Jensen Inequalities for Tunneling Probabilities in Complex Systems
• Theory for polaritonic quantum tunneling
• Fusion of ${}^7$Li with ${}^{205}$Tl at near barrier energies
• Systematic study of the effect of individual rotational energy levels on the fusion cross-section of \texorpdfstring{${}^{16}O$}--based reactions of range $480\le Z_P{Z}_T\le 592$
• Enhancement of fusion reactivities using non-Maxwellian energy distributions
• Nuclear fusion as a probe for octupole deformation in ${}^{224}$Ra
• A microscopic model for spontaneous fission: validity of the adiabatic approximation
• Quantum tunnelling without a barrier
• Role of nuclear deformation and orientation about symmetry axis of target nucleus on heavy-ion fusion dynamics
• Two Rydberg-dressed atoms escaping from an open well
• Fusion of 16O+165Ho at deep sub-barrier energies
• Probing Quantum Phenomena through Photoproduction in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Few-fermion resonant tunneling and underbarrier trapping in asymmetric potentials
• Long-Range Quantum Tunneling via Matter Wave
• Semi-classical approaches to heavy-ion reactions: fusion, rainbow, and glory
• Disagreement between capture probabilities extracted from capture and quasi-elastic backscattering excitation functions
• Role of virtual break-up of projectile in astrophysical fusion reactions
• Potential energy surface and formation of superheavy nuclei with the Skyrme energy-density functional
• Systematic study of projectile structure effect on fusion barrier distribution
• Fusion systematics for weakly bound nuclei using neutron flow and collective degrees of freedom
• Microscopic study of the effect of intrinsic degrees of freedom on fusion
• Subbarrier fusion reactions with dissipative couplings
• Adiabatic internuclear potentials obtained by energy variation with the internuclear-distance constraint
• Mapping from quasi-elastic scattering to fusion reactions
• Thermal and atomic effects on coupled-channels heavy-ion fusion
• Fusion barrier distribution and superheavy elements
• Degenerate solutions to the Dirac equation for massive particles and their applications in quantum tunneling
• State dependence of tunneling processes and thermonuclear fusion
• Energy symmetry and interlayer wave function ratio of tunneling electrons in partially overlapped graphene
• Evolving theoretical descriptions of heavy-ion fusion :from phenomenological to microscopic approaches
• Shape-invariance and Exactly Solvable Problems in Quantum Mechanics
• The self-consistent analysis for sub-barrier fusion enhancement effect in Ca + Ca and Ni + Ni
• Present status of coupled-channels calculations for heavy-ion subbarrier fusion reactions
• Nucleosynthesis: what direct reactions can do for it?
• Optical potential parameters of light nuclear fusion based on precise Coulomb wave functions
• Comparative folding-model study of low-energy elastic scattering and fusion of the ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C and ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O systems
• Search of cluster structure in nuclei via analysis of bremsstrahlung emission
• Recent developments in heavy-ion fusion reactions around the Coulomb barrier
• Coupled-Channel Effects in Collisions between Heavy Ions near the Coulomb Barrier
• Nucleus-nucleus potential from identical-particle interference
• Enhancing the creation of elements in laser-assisted heavy-ion fusion reactions