Controlling the Velocities and Number of Emitted Particles in the Tunneling to Open Space Dynamics

Abstract

A scheme to control the many-boson tunneling process to open space is derived and demonstrated. The number of ejected particles and their velocities can be controlled by two parameters, the threshold of the potential and the interparticle interaction. Since these parameters are fully under experimental control, this is also the case for the number of ejected particles and their emission spectrum. The process of tunneling to open space can hence be used, for example, for the quantum simulation of complicated tunneling ionization processes and atom lasers. To understand the many-body tunneling process, a generalization of the model introduced in [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 13521 (2012)] for tunneling in the absence of a threshold is put forward and proven to apply for systems with a non-zero threshold value. It is demonstrated that the model is applicable for general interparticle interaction strengths, particle numbers and threshold values. The model constructs the many-body process from single-particle emission processes. The rates and emission momenta of the single-particle processes are determined by the chemical potentials and energy differences to the threshold value of the potential for systems with different particle numbers. The chemical potentials and these energy differences depend on the interparticle interaction. Both the number of confined particles and their rate of emission thus allow for a control by the manipulation of the interparticle interaction and the threshold. Numerically exact results for two, three and one hundred bosons are shown and discussed. The devised control scheme for the many-body tunneling process performs very well for the dynamics of the momentum density, the correlations, the coherence and of the final state, i.e., the number of particles that remain confined in the potential.

36 pages, 14 figures

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• Few-body Bose gases in low dimensions -- a laboratory for quantum dynamics
• Phases, many-body entropy measures and coherence of interacting bosons in optical lattices
• Correlations of strongly interacting ultracold dipolar bosons in optical lattices
• The uncertainty product of an out-of-equilibrium many-particle system
• Many-body physics in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in a cavity: fragmented superradiance and polarization
• Interaction-assisted quantum tunneling of a Bose-Einstein condensate out of a single trapping well
• Dynamics of a few interacting bosons escaping from an open well
• Capturing non-exponential dynamics in the presence of two decay channels
• Management of the Correlations of Ultracold Bosons in Triple Wells
• Asymmetric Tunneling of Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Momentum correlations of a few ultra-cold bosons escaping from an open well
• Dynamics of Ultracold Bosons in Artificial Gauge Fields: Angular Momentum, Fragmentation, and the Variance of Entropy
• Two Rydberg-dressed atoms escaping from an open well
• Spatially partitioned many-body vortices