The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a second generation water Cherenkov detector designed to determine whether the currently observed solar neutrino deficit is a result of neutrino oscillations. The detector is unique in its use of D2O as a detection medium, permitting it to make a solar model-independent test of the neutrino oscillation hypothesis by comparison of the charged- and neutral-current interaction rates. In this paper the physical properties, construction, and preliminary operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are described. Data and predicted operating parameters are provided whenever possible.

58 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Nucl. Inst. Meth. Uses elsart and epsf style files. For additional information about SNO see http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca . This version has some new references

References in corpus (13)

• Measurement of the rate of nu_e + d --> p + p + e^- interactions produced by 8B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measurements of the Solar Neutrino Flux from Super-Kamiokande's First 300 Days
• How Uncertain Are Solar Neutrino Predictions?
• Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations from Muon Decay at Rest
• Standard Solar models in the Light of New Helioseismic Constraints II. Mixing Below the Convective Zone
• Solar Model Uncertainties, MSW Analysis, and Future Solar Neutrino Experiments
• Standard Solar Models in the Light of New Helioseismic Constraints: I The Solar Core
• Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions
• Shape of the 8B Alpha and Neutrino Spectra
• The 16N Calibration Source for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• A Compact 3H(p,gamma)4He 19.8-MeV Gamma-Ray Source for Energy Calibration at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• The 8Li Calibration Source for the Sudbury Neutrino Obervatory
• 8Li electron spectrum versus 8B neutrino spectrum: implications for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Cited by in corpus (208)

• Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measurement of the rate of nu_e + d --> p + p + e^- interactions produced by 8B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Double Beta Decay, Majorana Neutrinos, and Neutrino Mass
• Measurement of Day and Night Neutrino Energy Spectra at SNO and Constraints on Neutrino Mixing Parameters
• Measurement of the Total Active 8B Solar Neutrino Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with Enhanced Neutral Current Sensitivity
• DarkSide-20k: A 20 Tonne Two-Phase LAr TPC for Direct Dark Matter Detection at LNGS
• Nuclear weak-interaction processes in stars
• Electron Energy Spectra, Fluxes, and Day-Night Asymmetries of ${}^8$B Solar Neutrinos from the 391-Day Salt Phase SNO Data Set
• Double Beta Decay
• Combined Analysis of all Three Phases of Solar Neutrino Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• The Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
• Present and Future Bounds on Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions
• Supernova Neutrino Detection
• Upper limits for neutrino oscillations muon-antineutrino to electron-antineutrino from muon decay at rest
• Independent Measurement of the Total Active 8B Solar Neutrino Flux Using an Array of 3He Proportional Counters at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Explosion Mechanism, Neutrino Burst, and Gravitational Wave in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Final results of Borexino Phase-I on low energy solar neutrino spectroscopy
• Current Status and Future Prospects of the SNO+ Experiment
• Toward the discovery of matter creation with neutrinoless double-beta decay
• Low Energy Threshold Analysis of the Phase I and Phase II Data Sets of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• SNEWS: The SuperNova Early Warning System
• The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA
• IceCube: An Instrument for Neutrino Astronomy
• Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double beta decay
• Systematic study of trace radioactive impurities in candidate construction materials for EXO-200
• Measurement of the ${\nu }_e$ and Total ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I Data Set
• The SNO+ Experiment
• Where Are We With Light Sterile Neutrinos?
• Solar structure and evolution
• Low-Scale See-Saw Mechanisms for Light Neutrinos
• Resolving the Solar Neutrino Problem with KamLAND
• Black Hole Formation in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Time-of-Flight Measurements of the Neutrino Masses
• Optical properties of bialkali photocathodes
• Calibration Strategy of the JUNO Experiment
• Neutron background in large-scale xenon detectors for dark matter searches
• Neutrino Mass Spectrum and Future Beta Decay Experiments
• The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• A Search for Periodicities in the ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux Measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Separation of Scintillation and Cherenkov Lights in Linear Alkyl Benzene
• Supernova Neutrino Detection in Borexino
• A Search for Neutrinos from the Solar hep Reaction and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measurement of the ${\nu }_e$ and Total ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Fluxes with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase-III Data Set
• The Future of Solar Neutrinos
• Solar neutrino oscillation from large extra dimensions
• What can we learn from neutrinoless double beta decay experiments?
• Effects of Neutrino Oscillation on the Supernova Neutrino Spectrum
• Measurement of the Cosmic Ray and Neutrino-Induced Muon Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Constraints on Nucleon Decay via "Invisible" Modes from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) radioactivity and cleanliness control programs
• Robust signatures of solar neutrino oscillation solutions
• Scintillation decay time and pulse shape discrimination in oxygenated and deoxygenated solutions of linear alkylbenzene for the SNO+ experiment
• The Nylon Scintillator Containment Vessels for the Borexino Solar Neutrino Experiment
• Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector
• The search for neutron-antineutron oscillations at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Searching for solar axions using data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• High sensitivity GEM experiment on double beta decay of 76-Ge
• Electron Antineutrino Search at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Atmospheric neutrino flux at INO, South Pole and Pyhäsalmi
• The 16N Calibration Source for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measurement of the ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds
• SNO: Predictions for Ten Measurable Quantities
• 16-N as a calibration source for Super-Kamiokande
• Astrophysical Neutrino Telescopes
• Solar Neutrino Measurements
• Constraints on Neutrino Lifetime from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• A radium assay technique using hydrous titanium oxide adsorbent for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Multimessenger Search for Sources of Gravitational Waves and High-Energy Neutrinos: Results for Initial LIGO-Virgo and IceCube
• Automated Calibration System for a High-Precision Measurement of Neutrino Mixing Angle ${\theta }_{13}$ with the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors
• Spectral Photon Sorting For Large-Scale Cherenkov and Scintillation Detectors
• Measurement of radium concentration in water with Mn-coated beads at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Gravity Wave and Neutrino Bursts from Stellar Collapse: A Sensitive Test of Neutrino Masses
• Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector
• On the Normalization of the Neutrino-Deuteron Cross Section
• Wavelength Shifters for Water Cherenkov Detectors
• Detection of a close supernova gravitational wave burst in a network of interferometers, neutrino and optical detectors
• The Processing of Enriched Germanium for the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR and R&D for a Possible Future Ton-Scale Ge-76 Double-Beta Decay Experiment
• Measurement of 222Rn dissolved in water at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Optical calibration hardware for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Active and sterile neutrino phenomenology with $A_4$ based minimal extended seesaw
• The STACEE-32 Ground Based Gamma-ray Detector
• Direct Dark Matter Searches
• Three-generation study of neutrino spin-flavor conversion in supernova and implication for neutrino magnetic moment
• New Test of Supernova Electron Neutrino Emission using Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Sensitivity to the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• A Compact 3H(p,gamma)4He 19.8-MeV Gamma-Ray Source for Energy Calibration at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with SNO+
• Determination of Neutrino mixing parameters after SNO oscillation evidence
• A quantitative approach to select PMTs for large detectors
• Tests of Lorentz invariance at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Global analysis of Solar neutrino oscillation evidence including SNO and implications for Borexino
• Design and analysis of a 1-ton prototype of the Jinping Neutrino Experiment
• Gamow-Teller Strengths of the Inverse-Beta Transition 176Yb --> 176Lu for Spectroscopy of Proton-Proton and other sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos
• Correlations of Solar Neutrino Observables for SNO
• Solar Neutrino Spectroscopy
• Characterization of the Hamamatsu R11780 12 inch Photomultiplier Tube
• Search for $hep$ solar neutrinos and the diffuse supernova neutrino background using all three phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Searches for High Frequency Variations in the ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Measuring Supernova Neutrino Temperatures using Lead Perchlorate
• Review of Solar Neutrino Experiments
• The problem of neutrino masses in extensions of the Standard Model
• The 8Li Calibration Source for the Sudbury Neutrino Obervatory
• Acrylic Target Vessels for a High-Precision Measurement of theta13 with the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors
• Piecing the Solar Neutrino Puzzle Together at SNO
• Non-standard neutrino interactions in K^{+}\toπ^{+}ν\barν and D^{+}\toπ^{+}ν\barν decays
• Measurement of the dependence of the light yields of linear alkylbenzene-based and EJ-301 scintillators on electron energy
• Ultra-low radioactivity Kapton and copper-Kapton laminates
• A Search for Astrophysical Burst Signals at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Supernova Neutrino Detection
• Comparative study of simulations of Cerenkov radio emission from high energy showers in dense media
• First Neutrino Observations from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Time and space reconstruction in optical, non-imaging, scintillator-based particle detectors
• Low Multiplicity Burst Search at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• A flexible event reconstruction based on machine learning and likelihood principles
• SNO and Supernovae
• Four-Neutrino Oscillations at SNO
• Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase
• Damped Neutrino Oscillations in a Conformal Coupling Model
• The calibration of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory using uniformly distributed radioactive sources
• Measurement of $\alpha$-particle quenching in LAB based scintillator in independent small-scale experiments
• Cherenkov Light Imaging - Fundamentals and recent Developments
• Multi-site Event Discrimination in Large Liquid Scintillation Detectors
• Realistic Earth matter effects and a method to acquire information about small θ_{13} in the detection of supernova neutrinos
• Dark Matter Capture by Atomic Nuclei
• UV Degradation of the Optical Properties of Acrylic for Neutrino and Dark Matter Experiments
• High sensitivity measurement of 224Ra and 226Ra in water with an improved hydrous titanium oxide technique at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Results
• Neutrino Mixing Discriminates Geo-reactor Models
• Earth Regeneration of Solar Neutrinos at SNO and Super-Kamiokande
• Direct method for the quantitative analysis of surface contamination on ultra-low background materials from exposure to dust
• Evaluation of radon adsorption efficiency values in xenon with activated carbon fibers
• A practical approach of high precision U and Th concentration measurement in acrylic
• Low Energy Neutrino Detection with a Portable Water-based Liquid Scintillator Detector
• Cathode Position Response of Large-Area Photomultipliers Under a Magnetic Field
• Solar Neutrinos
• Experimental limits on the proton life-time from the neutrino experiments with heavy water
• Summary of Neutrino 2000
• Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations I: Solar and Reactor Neutrinos
• A Three-Dimensional Calculation of Atmospheric Neutrino Fluxes
• Cosmogenic Neutron Production at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Status of double beta decay experiments using isotopes other than Xe-136
• Ambient Dose and Dose Rate Measurement in SNOLAB Underground Laboratory at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
• Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources
• New Physics from NSIs in charm Decays
• A liquid xenon ionization chamber in an all-fluoropolymer vessel
• Phenomenology of $keV$ sterile neutrino in minimal extended seesaw
• The calibration system for the photomultiplier array of the SNO+ experiment
• Review of the Technical Issues Associated with the Construction of a Solar Neutrino TPC
• Design of the PMT underwater cascade implosion protection system for JUNO
• SNO+: predictions from standard solar models and spin flavour precession
• A Scintillator Purification Plant and Fluid Handling System for SNO+
• Signal identification with Kalman Filter towards background-free neutrinoless double beta decay searches in gaseous detectors
• Measurement of neutron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Novel Technique for Ultra-sensitive Determination of Trace Elements in Organic Scintillators
• Monte Carlo event generation of neutrino-electron scattering
• Four methods for determining the composition of trace radioactive surface contamination of low-radioactivity metal
• Acquire information about neutrino parameters by detecting supernova neutrinos
• Generative Adversarial Networks for Scintillation Signal Simulation in EXO-200
• Comparative Analysis of Super-Kamiokande and SNO Solar-Neutrino Data and the Photospheric Magnetic Field
• A Monte Carlo simulation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory proportional counters
• Measurement of Optical Attenuation in Acrylic Light Guides for a Dark Matter Detector
• New Physics Through Rare Decays Of Mesons
• Is it possible to determine the S-factor of the hep process from a laboratory experiment?
• Screening models and neutrino oscillations
• Mass spectrometric analyses of high performance polymers to assess radiopurity as ultra low background materials for rare event physics detectors
• Optical property measurements of lithium chloride aqueous solution for a novel solar neutrino experiment
• Measurement of the ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux Using the Full SNO+ Water Phase Dataset
• First Evidence of Solar Neutrino Interactions on ${}^{13}$C
• Potential applications of modular representation theory to quantum mechanics
• Cosmogenesis Backgrounds, Experiment Depth and the Solar Neutrino TPC
• Statistics of the Charge Spectrum of Photo-Multipliers and Methods for Absolute Calibration
• Neutrino physics at accelerators
• The study of NSIs in B and KL rare decays with three generations of quarks and interference effects between the standard model and NSIs
• Four--Neutrino Oscillations at SNO
• Finite symmetry groups in physics
• Review of Solar and Reactor Neutrinos
• The Water Purification System for the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment
• An updated discussion of the solar abundance problem
• Muon Acceleration with a Very Fast Ramping Synchrotron for a Neutrino Factory
• Quasi-Dirac neutrinos and solar neutrino data
• Options for a finite group model of quantum mechanics
• Measurement of high-pressure xenon gas absorption in acrylic
• Lead Perchlorate as a Neutrino Detection Medium
• Theoretical and phenomenological consequences of active and sterile neutrino within Beyond Standard Model framework
• A Monte Carlo Method for Rayleigh Scattering in Liquid Detectors
• Volume reduction of water samples to increase sensitivity for radioassay of lead contamination
• The Search for Muon Neutrinos from Northern Hemisphere Gamma-Ray Bursts with AMANDA
• Response of a Liquid ${}^3$He Neutron Detector
• Development of a method for determining the search window for solar flare neutrinos
• A Model for Neutrino Warm Dark Matter and Neutrino Oscillations
• New Spallation Background Rejection Techniques to Greatly Improve the Solar Neutrino Sensitivity of JUNO
• Characterization of the ETEL D784UKFLB 11 inch Photomultiplier Tube
• A laserball calibration device for the SNO+ scintillator phase
• Using Machine Learning to Separate Cherenkov and Scintillation Light in Hybrid Neutrino Detector
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Overview
• Calibration of Muon Reconstruction Algorithms Using an External Muon Tracking System at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Development of an ion exchange resin for gadolinium-loaded water
• Confined Neutrino Oscillation
• A Simple Apparatus for Testing PMT Humidity Tolerance
• Supernova neutrino physics with a nuclear emulsion detector
• Slow-Fluor Scintillator for Low Energy Solar Neutrinos and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Liquid ${}^3$He Detectors for Neutrons
• On a possibility to determine the S-factor of the hep process in experiments with thermal (cold) neutrons
• Probing Planck scale effects on absolute mass limit in neutrino flavor evolution
• Ultra-pure Nickel for Structural Components of Low-Radioactivity Instruments
• Possible uses of the binary icosahedral group in grand unified theories
• An array of low-background ${}^3$He proportional counters for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Supernova Detection at SNOLAB
• Background Studies for the Neutral Current Detector Array in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• Low Energy Neutrino Measurements