Black Hole Entropy from Near-Horizon Microstates

Abstract

Black holes whose near-horizon geometries are locally, but not necessarily globally, AdS${}_3$ (three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space) are considered. Using the fact that quantum gravity on AdS${}_3$ is a conformal field theory, we microscopically compute the black hole entropy from the asymptotic growth of states. Precise numerical agreement with the Bekenstein-Hawking area formula for the entropy is found. The result pertains to any consistent quantum theory of gravity, and does not use string theory or supersymmetry.

11 pages, harvmac. Minor corrections, references

Cited by in corpus (820)

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• On Non-Chiral Extension of Kerr/CFT
• Emergent AdS_3 in the Zero Entropy Extremal Black Holes
• The semi-classical stress-energy tensor in a Schwarzschild background, the information paradox, and the fate of an evaporating black hole
• Black Hole Entropy and the Problem of Universality
• On the universal behavior of $T\bar{T}$-deformed CFTs: single and double-trace partition functions at large $c$
• Duality Symmetry and the Cardy Limit
• Gravitational $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ Algebra on the Light Cone
• Quantum Corrected Polymer Black Hole Thermodynamics: Mass Relations and Logarithmic Entropy Correction
• AdS_3 Gravity and Conformal Field Theories
• Asymptotic charges in 3d gravity with torsion
• Anomalous effective action, Noether current, Virasoro algebra and Horizon entropy
• Holography in Three-dimensional Kerr-de Sitter Space with a Gravitational Chern-Simons Term
• Phase transitions of black strings in dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity
• On the Various Extensions of the BMS Group
• Holographic Chern-Simons Theories
• Black Holes as Conformal Field Theories on Horizons
• Hadron potentials within the gauge/string correspondence
• The Brown-Henneaux's central charge from the path-integral boundary condition
• Entropy Counting from Schwarzschild/CFT and Soft Hair
• Comments on the Entanglement Entropy on Fuzzy Spaces
• Left-Right Asymmetric Holographic RG Flow with Gravitational Chern-Simons Term
• On the addition of torsion to chiral gravity
• Dynamics of Diffeomorphism Degrees of Freedom at a Horizon
• Covariant description of the black hole entropy in 3D gravity
• Dual diffeomorphisms and finite distance asymptotic symmetries in 3d gravity
• Canonical Quantization of Spherically Symmetric Dust Collapse
• Asymptotic symmetries in spatially flat FRW
• Multi-Black Hole Sectors of AdS_3 Gravity
• CFT dual of charged AdS black hole in the large dimension limit
• Universal properties of conformal quantum many-body systems
• Black lenses in string theory
• Extended Supersymmetric BMS${}_3$ algebras and Their Free Field Realisations
• Three-dimensional black hole entropy
• Sectors of solutions in three-dimensional gravity and Black Holes
• Toward a Quantization of Null Dust Collapse
• The horizon and its charges in the first order gravity
• XI Solomon Lefschetz Memorial Lecture Series: Hodge structures in non-commutative geometry. (Notes by Ernesto Lupercio)
• Black hole complementarity from AdS/CFT
• Siegel Paramodular Forms and Sparseness in AdS${}_3$/CFT${}_2$
• Vacua of Exotic Massive 3D Gravity
• Toward an Effective CFT${}_2$ from $\mathcal{N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills and Aspects of Hawking Radiation
• BMS Modular Diaries: Torus one-point function
• Topological String on AdS_3 x N
• Unitarity and Page curve for evaporation of 2D AdS black holes
• Thermodynamics of extremal rotating thin shells in an extremal BTZ spacetime and the extremal black hole entropy
• Near horizon gravitational charges
• Geometrical tools for embedding fields, submanifolds, and foliations
• Island of Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{\mathbf{o}}$m anti-de Sitter black holes in the large $d$ limit
• Horizon Geometry, Duality and Fixed scalars in Six Dimensions
• Soldering freedom and BMS-like transformations
• Conformal entropy from horizon states: Solodukhin's method for spherical, toroidal, and hyperbolic black holes in D-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetimes
• The first law of differential entropy and holographic complexity
• Hot Attractors
• $Ad{S}_2$ holography and ModMax
• Energy of asymptotically AdS black holes in Exotic Massive Gravity and its log-extension
• Boundary Dynamics of Higher Dimensional AdS Spacetime
• New Chiral Gravity
• Symmetries near a generic charged null surface and associated algebra: an off-shell analysis
• Noncommutative correction to the entropy of charged BTZ black hole
• Smarr formula for BTZ black holes in general three-dimensional gravity models
• Black hole entropy, flat directions and higher derivatives
• Horizon Conformal Field Theories from $Ad{S}_2$ Black Holes
• Entropy function approach to charged BTZ black hole
• Flat space cosmologies in two dimensions - Phase transitions and asymptotic mass-domination
• Spontaneous Radiation of Black Holes
• Path integral derivation of the Brown-Henneaux central charge
• Poisson Algebra of Diffeomorphism Generators in a Spacetime Containing a Bifurcation
• Quantum-Corrected Entropy for 1+1-Dimensional Gravity Revisited
• Gravitational anomalies and entropy
• A new look at hidden conformal symmetries of black holes
• Corrections to holographic entanglement plateau
• Supersymmetric 3D gravity with torsion: asymptotic symmetries
• Anomalies, Chern-Simons Terms and Black Hole Entropy
• A note on the hidden conformal structure of non-extremal black holes
• Non-Isometric Quantum Error Correction in Gravity
• More on vacua of exotic massive 3D gravity
• Emergent Gravity in a Holographic Universe
• Near-Extremal Black Hole Thermodynamics from AdS2/CFT1 Correspondence in The Low Energy Limit of 4D Heterotic String Theory
• Corrections in the relative entropy of black hole microstates
• 2+1 Quantum Gravity with Barbero-Immirzi like parameter on Toric Spatial Foliation
• Holographic entanglement in spin network states: a focused review
• Quasi-local conserved charges in the Einstein-Maxwell theory
• Higher Dimensional Charged AdS Black Holes at Ultra-spinning Limit and Their 2d CFT Duals
• Radiative Asymptotic Symmetries of 3D Einstein-Maxwell Theory
• $R^2$ corrected AdS${}_2$ holography
• Electrically charged black hole on AdS${}_3$: scale invariance and the Smarr formula
• Microscopics of Rotating Black Holes: Entropy and Greybody Factors
• The Regge limit of AdS${}_3$ holographic correlators with heavy states: towards the black hole regime
• Quantum Corrections to Central Charges and Supersymmetric Casimir Energy in AdS${}_3$/CFT${}_2$
• On the Classification of Asymptotic Quasinormal Frequencies for d-Dimensional Black Holes and Quantum Gravity
• Three-dimensional AdS gravity and extremal CFTs at c=8m
• Semiclassical OPE coefficients from 3D gravity
• Lightcone Modular Bootstrap and Tauberian Theory: A Cardy-like Formula for Near-extremal Black Holes
• What does a quantum black hole look like?
• Deciphering black hole phase transitions through photon spheres
• Gravitons and gauge fields in 5d Chern-Simons supergravity
• On the representation theory of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs group and its variants in three space-time dimensions
• A Comment on the Zamolodchikov c-Function and the Black String Entropy
• BTZ black hole with KdV-type boundary conditions: Thermodynamics revisited
• Extremal Black Holes and Holographic C-Theorem
• Quantum information metric of conical defect
• Superconformal Quantum Mechanics from M2-branes
• Quasinormal modes and black hole hairs in AdS
• Twisted sectors in three-dimensional gravity
• More on Long String Dynamics in Gravity on AdS3: Spinning Strings and Rotating BTZ
• A Note on Classical String Dynamics on AdS_3
• Correlation functions and quantum measures of descendant states
• Stability of Horizon in Warped AdS Black Hole via Particle Absorption
• Long String Dynamics in Pure Gravity on AdS${}_3$
• Statistical Mechanics of Charged Black Holes in Induced Einstein-Maxwell Gravity
• Entropy from the foam II
• The central charge in three dimensional anti-de Sitter space
• Non-chiral 2d CFT with integer energy levels
• Boundary Description of Microstates of the Two-Dimensional Black Hole
• New entropy formula for Kerr black holes
• AdS/BCFT Correspondence for Higher Curvature Gravity: An Example
• Thermal stability of a special class of black hole solutions in F(R) gravity
• Effective Action, Boundary Conditions, and Virasoro Algebra for AdS${}_3$
• CFT Duals of Black Rings With Higher Derivative Terms
• Thermodynamics and and phase transition of topological dilatonic Lifshitz-like black holes
• AdS/CFT Correspondence with a 3D Black Hole Simulator
• Interpreting the semi-classical stress-energy tensor in a Schwarzschild background, implications for the information paradox
• Probing phase transitions of regular black holes in anti-de Sitter space with Lyapunov exponent
• Statistical entropy of a BTZ black hole in topologically massive gravity
• Hawking Radiation and Entropy from Horizon Degrees of Freedom
• Thermodynamics in Rotating Anti-de Sitter Black Holes with Massive Scalar Field in Three Dimensions
• Inflation in Flatland
• Microscopic derivation of the Schwarzschild black hole entropy
• On the General Kerr/CFT Correspondence in Arbitrary Dimensions
• Asymptotically spacelike warped anti-de Sitter spacetimes in generalized minimal massive gravity
• Logarithmic Corrections to the Entropy of Scalar Field in BTZ Black Hole Space-time
• Black hole superpotential as a unifying entropy function and BPS thermodynamics
• On emergent conformal symmetry near the photon ring
• AdS3 Gravitational Instantons from Conformal Field Theory
• Comments on AdS_2 Gravity
• Renyi Entropies, the Analytic Bootstrap, and 3D Quantum Gravity at Higher Genus
• AdS${}_3$ to dS${}_3$ transition in the near horizon of asymptotically de Sitter solutions
• Conserved charges in (Lovelock) gravity in first order formalism
• Warped AdS${}_3$, dS${}_3$ and flows from $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ SCFTs
• String Theory Formulation of anti-de Sitter Black Holes
• Unitarity in the Presence of Closed Timelike Curves
• Four-Dimensional Entropy from Three-Dimensional Gravity
• Near-Horizon States of Black Holes and Calogero Models
• Aligned electromagnetic excitations of a black hole and their impact on its quantum horizon
• Large N limit of Extremal Non-supersymmetric Black Holes
• Twisted Kac-Moody Algebras And The Entropy Of AdS${}_3$ Black Hole
• A Schwarzian on the Stretched Horizon
• BTZ black hole and quantum Hall effect in the bulk/boundary dynamics
• Two Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Space and Discrete Light Cone Quantization
• Relating chronology protection and unitarity through holography
• Minimal Massive Supergravity
• Asymptotic Symmetries of Three-Dimensional Black Strings
• Extremal Black Hole Entropy from Horizon Conformal Field Theories
• Entropy of Black Holes in D=5, N=2 Supergravity and AdS Central Charges
• Self-gravitating solutions in Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory coupled to 3D massive gravity
• Thermodynamics of nonspherical black holes from Liouville theory
• Nonsingular black holes from conformal symmetries
• Explicit black hole thermodynamics in natural variables
• Dark Energy from holographic theories with hyperscaling violation
• Statistical Entropy of Calabi-Yau Black Holes
• Extreme Kerr black hole microstates with horizon fluff
• Twistor representation of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
• Warped Flatland
• Can One Understand Black Hole Entropy without Knowing Much about Quantum Gravity?
• Scalar field quasinormal modes on asymptotically locally flat rotating black holes in three dimensions
• Spin and holographic metals
• A Rotating, Inhomogeneous Dust Interior for the BTZ Black Hole
• Black hole entropy and quantum mechanics
• Three dimensional rotating hairy black holes, asymptotics and thermodynamics
• The Conformal Field Theory on the Horizon of BTZ Black Hole
• Poisson Structure of the Boundary Gravitons in 3D Gravity with Negative $\Lambda$
• The Non-integrable Mass and the Scalar Charge
• Near horizon OTT black hole asymptotic symmetries and soft hair
• Exact Inner Metric and Microscopic State of AdS${}_3$-Schwarzschld BHs
• Deformed Heisenberg charges in three-dimensional gravity
• Null boundary gravitational charges from local Lorentz symmetries
• Radial geodesics as a microscopic origin of black hole entropy. I: Confined under the Schwarzschild horizon
• On the classical central charge
• Gauge theories with non-trivial boundary conditions: Black holes
• Dual CFT on Nariai limit for Kerr-Sen-dS black holes
• Statistical ensembles and logarithmic corrections to black hole entropy
• Conformal quantum mechanics of causal diamonds: Time evolution, thermality, and instability via path integral functionals
• Microscopic entropy of static black holes in 3d Lovelock gravities
• Holographic Central Charge for 2-Dimensional de Sitter Space
• Ryu-Takayanagi Formula for Multi-Boundary Black Holes from 2D Large-$c$ CFT Ensemble
• String Theory on AdS_3/Z_N
• On the sqrt{2} puzzle in AdS_2/CFT_1
• Universal properties from local geometric structure of Killing horizon
• Central charges from Thermodynamics method in 3D gravity
• Quantum aspects of spacetime: A quantum optics view of acceleration radiation and black holes
• Quasibound states for a scalar field under the influence of an external magnetic field in the near-horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole with torsion
• Dilaton test of connection between AdS_3 X S^3 and 5D black hole
• Saturating The Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy Bound With Initial Data Sets For Gravitational Collapse
• On Diffeomorphism Invariance and Black Hole Entropy
• BTZ Black Holes and Flat Space Cosmologies in Higher Derivative Theories
• Supertranslations: redundancies of horizon data, and global symmetries at null infinity
• Black Holes, Holography and Moduli Space Metric
• Super Virasoro Algebra From Supergravity
• A quantum mass-spectrum of Kerr black hole: superstrings
• Asymptotically flat spacetimes in 3D bigravity
• Hidden Structures of Black Holes
• Statistical Mechanics of Three-dimensional Kerr-de Sitter Space
• Hidden conformal symmetries for black holes in modified gravity
• Note on Bulk Reconstruction in AdS${}_3$/WCFT${}_2$
• Universal Dynamics in Non-Orientable CFT${}_2$
• Warped Conformal Symmetries of the Accelerating Kerr Black Hole
• Extremal horizons stationary to the second order: new constraints
• Scaling symmetry, Smarr relation, and the extended first law in lower-dimensional Lovelock gravity
• A Note on Kerr/CFT and Wald Entropy Discrepancy in High Derivative Gravities
• Two Dimensional Conformal Symmetry and the Microscopic Interpretation of Black Hole Entropy
• Topological Origin of Horizon Temperature via the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
• Separability, plane wave limits and black holes
• Asymptotic dynamics of three dimensional supergravity and higher spin gravity revisited
• Strings from 3D gravity: asymptotic dynamics of AdS${}_3$ gravity with free boundary conditions
• Note on Kerr/CFT correspondence in a first order formalism
• AdS${}_3$ black holes with primary Proca hair from a regularized Gauss-Bonnet coupling
• Anti-de Sitter 3-dimensional Gravity with Torsion
• Thermodynamics of two-dimensional conformal field theory dual to black holes
• Scalar Field in Massive BTZ Black Hole and Entanglement Entropy
• Super Virasoro Algebras From Chiral Supergravity
• Black Hole Decay as Geodesic Motion
• Entropy of isolated horizon from surface term of gravitational action
• On a Canonical Quantization of 3D Anti de Sitter Pure Gravity
• The Entropy of BTZ Black Hole from Loop Quantum Gravity
• Asymptotically Free AdS3/CFT2
• On the dynamical 4D BTZ black hole solution in conformally invariant gravity
• AdS Asymptotic Symmetries from CFT Mirrors
• On energy for accelerating observers in black hole spacetimes
• Universal Bounds in Even-Spin CFTs
• Black holes and thermodynamics of non-gravitational theories
• Conformal Symmetry, Rindler Space and The AdS/CFT Correspondence
• Near horizon symmetry and entropy of black holes in $f(R)$ gravity and conformal gravity
• Asymptotic Symmetries of Rindler Space at the Horizon and Null Infinity
• On Modular Invariance and 3D Gravitational Instantons
• Asymptotic symmetries on Kerr--Newman horizon without anomaly of diffeomorphism invariance
• (Quasi-)normal modes of rotating black holes and new solitons in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet
• Black Hole Entropy and Quantum Gravity
• Where are the BTZ Black Hole Degrees of Freedom? The Rotating Case
• BTZ black holes from the five-dimensional general relativity with a negative cosmological constant
• Dynamics of D-brane Black Holes
• Large gravitons and near-horizon diffeomorphisms
• Universal sectors of two-dimensional Carrollian CFTs
• Regular AdS${}_3$ black holes from regularized Gauss-Bonnet coupling
• Faddeev-Jackiw Hamiltonian formulation for general exotic bi-gravity
• The topologically twisted index of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SU($N$) Super-Yang-Mills theory and a black hole Farey tail
• Gravitational waves of nonextremal Kerr black holes from conformal symmetry
• New boundary conditions in Einstein-scalar gravity in three dimensions
• Metric fluctuations in higher-dimensional black holes
• Second Law of Black Hole Mechanics for all 2d Dilaton Theories
• On the Near Horizon Canonical Quantum Microstates from $Ad{S}_2/CF{T}_1$ and Conformal Weyl Gravity
• Black hole entropy and long strings
• Logarithmic Corrections to the Black Hole Entropy Product of ${\mathcal{H}}^{\pm }$ via Cardy Formula
• On the classical connection between the WZWN model and topological gauge theories with boundaries
• Notes on self-dual gravity
• Emerging (2+1)D massive graviton in graphene-like systems
• Central charges, elliptic genera, and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ AdS${}_3$/CFT${}_2$
• Thermodynamics of Warped Anti-de Sitter Black Holes under Scattering of Scalar Field
• Asymptotic Chern-Simons formulation of spacelike stretched AdS gravity
• Diffeomorphism symmetries near a timelike surface in black hole spacetime
• Light-Cone Gauge Quantization of String Theories on $Ad{S}_3$ Space
• Near-Extremal Kerr AdS2xS2 Solution and Black-Hole/Near-Horizion-CFT Duality
• Infinite symmetry on the boundary of SL(3)/SO(3)
• Generalized ADT charges and asymptotic symmetry algebra
• Hidden Conformal Symmetry for Vector Field on Various Black Hole Backgrounds
• Near-Horizon Extremal Geometries: Coadjoint Orbits and Quantization
• Much ado about nothing: a treatise on empty and not-so-empty spacetimes
• Chern-Simons Holography: Boundary Conditions, Contractions and Double Extensions for a Journey Beyond Anti-de Sitter
• Deformations of anti-de Sitter black holes
• Charged black holes in a generalized scalar-tensor gravity model
• On Quantum Microstates in the Near Extremal, Near Horizon Kerr Geometry
• Quantum dust collapse in 2+1 dimensions
• Asymptotically flat black holes and gravitational waves in three-dimensional massive gravity
• The Covariant Chiral Ring
• On the BTZ Black Hole and the Spinning Cosmic String
• Emergent Symmetry on Black Hole Horizons
• Asymptotic dynamics of three-dimensional gravity
• Termodinámica de agujeros negros y campos escalares
• Notes on no black hole theorem in three dimensional gravity
• Comment on Counting Black Hole Microstates Using String Dualities
• Three Dimensional Pure Gravity and Generalized Hecke Operators
• Warped CFT duals of the Plebański-Demiański family of solutions
• Perturbative distinguishability of black hole microstates from AdS/CFT correspondence
• Black Hole Statistical Physics: Entropy
• A note on the Cardy formula and black holes in 3d (massive) bigravity
• BTZ entropy from topological M-theory
• Conserved charges and asymptotic symmetries of BTZ-like black holes in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
• Holographic JT gravity with quartic couplings
• Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
• Rholography, Black Holes and Scherk-Schwarz
• Modular matrices of 2d Carrollian and warped CFTs
• Entropy of black holes, charged probes and noncommutative generalization
• de Sitter Entropy from a lower dimensional black hole
• Generalized monodromy method in gauge/gravity duality
• dS/CFT correspondence from the Brick Wall method
• Horizon Branes and Chiral Strings
• Fluctuating Black Hole Horizons
• Integrable models, degenerate horizons and AdS_2 black holes
• The Virasoro Gibbs state and BTZ black holes
• Nöther Currents, Black Hole Entropy Universality and CFT Duality in Conformal Weyl Gravity
• Entropy of BTZ black hole and its spectrum by quantum radial geodesics behind horizons
• Reply Comment on "Entropy of 2D black holes from counting microstates"
• BMS Goldstone modes near the horizon of a Kerr black hole are thermal
• Symmetries at stationary Killing horizons
• Barnich-Troessaert Bracket as a Dirac Bracket on the Covariant Phase Space
• Probing black hole microstructure with the kinetic turnover of phase transition
• Microscopic Entropy of Non-dilatonic Branes: a 2D approach
• The Cardy Formula from Goldstone Bosons
• Conformal symmetry of superstrings on $Ad{S}_3\times S^3\times T^4$ and D1/D5 system
• Radial geodesics as a microscopic origin of black hole entropy. II: Features of Reissner--Nordstrom black hole
• Branes in N=2,D=4 sugra and the conformal field theory limit
• The integrability of Virasoro charges for axisymmetric Killing horizons
• Extended Near Horizon Symmetries of Extremal BTZ Black Holes in 3D Massive Gravity
• From Lorentz-Chern-Simons to Massive Gravity in 2+1 Dimensions
• Thermodynamic Split Conjecture and an Observational Test for Cosmological Entropy
• Superstrings, Gauge Fields and Black Holes
• Ergodic Concepts for a Self-Organizing Trivalent Spin Network: A Path to $(2+1)$-dimensional Black Hole Entropy
• Lie point symmetries of near-horizon geometry equation
• Three-dimensional quantum gravity according to ST modular bootstrap
• Anisotropic scaling non-relativistic holography: a symmetry perspective
• Nonperfect Carrollian Fluids Through Holography
• Scalar vacuum densities on Beltrami pseudosphere
• Kerr/CFT from phase space formalism
• Surface charge of horizon symmetries of a black hole with supertranslation field
• Notes on Self-dual Warped dS${}_3$ Spacetime
• Thermomagnetic Ettingshausen-Nernst effect in tachocline, magnetic reconnection phenomenon in lower layers, axion mechanism of solar luminosity variations, coronal heating problem solution and mechanism of ADM variations around BH
• On deformations and extensions of $\text{Diff}(S^2)$
• Microscopic Origin of Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy in $(2+1)$ Gravity: A Thermo Field Dynamics Approach
• A note on the Hamiltonian structure of transgression forms
• Lecture notes on strings in AdS${}_3$ from the worldsheet and the AdS${}_3$/CFT${}_2$ duality
• Lectures on the Bondi--Metzner--Sachs group and related topics in infrared physics
• Cosmological Implications of Thermodynamic Split Conjecture
• Horizon Dynamics of a BTZ Black Hole
• Explorations of Universality in the Entropy and Hawking Radiation of Non-Extremal Kerr AdS${}_4$ Black Holes
• One-loop Quantum Holography for Higher Dimensional Black Holes
• Anomaly Equation of the Large U(1) Chiral Symmetry
• Monstrous Product CFTs in the Grand Canonical Ensemble
• Thermodynamics and optical aspects of ModMax black holes in higher order curvature gravity with quintessence dark energy
• Rotational Dragging Effect on Statistical Thermodynamics of (2+1)-dimensional Rotating de Sitter Space
• Hofstadter's Butterfly in AdS${}_3$ Black Holes
• Microscopic entropy of trapping horizon