Universal Counting of Black Hole Entropy by Strings on the Stretched Horizon

Abstract

We show that the entropy of any black object in any dimension can be understood as the entropy of a highly excited string on the stretched horizon. The string has a gravitationally renormalized tension due to the large redshift near the horizon. The Hawking temperature is given by the Hagedorn temperature of the string. As examples, we consider black holes with one (black p-branes) or two charges, Reissner-Nordstrom black holes and the BTZ black hole in addition to Schwarzschild black holes. We show that the vanishing and nonvanishing extremal entropies can be obtained as smooth limits of the near-extreme cases.

21 pages in phyzzx.tex, numerous minor changes, dyonic string added as an example, one reference added

References in corpus (2)

• Brane-Antibrane Systems at Finite Temperature and the Entropy of Black Branes
• De Sitter Entropy and Strings

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• Rindler Energy is Wald Entropy
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• Liouville Theory on Horizons: Towards a Quantum Theory of Black Holes
• Hagedorn String Thermodynamics in Curved Spacetimes and near Black Hole Horizons
• On the Holographic Nature Of Rindler Energy
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• Shear viscosity of a highly excited string and the black hole membrane paradigm
• Extremal Black Hole Entropy from Horizon Conformal Field Theories
• Schwarzschild Black Holes and Asymptotic $Ad{S}_2$
• Black Hole Entropy and the Pseudo Goldstone Bosons of Conformal Symmetry
• Bekenstein Entropy is String Entropy
• Entropic Gravity in Rindler Space