The conformal frame freedom in theories of gravitation

Abstract

It has frequently been claimed in the literature that the classical physical predictions of scalar tensor theories of gravity depend on the conformal frame in which the theory is formulated. We argue that this claim is false, and that all classical physical predictions are conformal-frame invariants. We also respond to criticisms by Vollick [gr-qc/0312041], in which this issue arises, of our recent analysis of the Palatini form of 1/R gravity.

arXiv comment9 pages, no figures, revtex; final published version

References in corpus (27)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• First Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Preliminary Maps and Basic Results
• Is Cosmic Speed-Up Due to New Gravitational Physics?
• Modified gravity with negative and positive powers of the curvature: unification of the inflation and of the cosmic acceleration
• Quantum Gravity in Everyday Life: General Relativity as an Effective Field Theory
• 1/R gravity and Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Dilaton Gravity in Two Dimensions
• On Physical Equivalence between Nonlinear Gravity Theories
• Quintessence without scalar fields
• 1/R Curvature Corrections as the Source of the Cosmological Acceleration
• Palatini form of 1/R gravity
• Higher order gravity theories and scalar tensor theories
• Differentiating between Modified Gravity and Dark Energy
• Cosmological Evolution in 1/R-Gravity Theory
• Modified Friedmann Equations in R${}^{-1}$-Modified Gravity
• Some aspects of the cosmological conformal equivalence between ``Jordan Frame'' and ``Einstein Frame''
• On the viability of the Palatini form of 1/R gravity
• Predictions and Observations in Theories with Varying Couplings
• Non-minimal couplings, quantum geometry and black hole entropy
• Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants
• Positive specific heat of the quantum corrected dilaton black hole
• Renormalizability of Nonrenormalizable Field Theories
• The Renormalization Structure and Quantum Equivalence of 2D Dilaton Gravities
• Are there metric theories of gravity other than General Relativity?
• Frame-Independent Calculation of Spectral Indices from Inflation
• Scalar gravitational waves and Einstein frame

Cited by in corpus (241)

• Dynamics of dark energy
• f(R) Theories Of Gravity
• f(R) theories
• Extended Theories of Gravity
• Testing General Relativity with Present and Future Astrophysical Observations
• Dark Energy
• Palatini Approach to Modified Gravity: f(R) Theories and Beyond
• Transforming gravity: from derivative couplings to matter to second-order scalar-tensor theories beyond the Horndeski Lagrangian
• One-loop f(R) gravity in de Sitter universe
• Spherically symmetric solutions of modified field equations in f(R) theories of gravity
• Consistent modified gravity: dark energy, acceleration and the absence of cosmic doomsday
• Entanglement Equilibrium and the Einstein Equation
• Stellar structure models in modified theories of gravity: lessons and challenges
• Disformal invariance of second order tensor-scalar theories: framing the Horndeski action
• Extreme Gravity Tests with Gravitational Waves from Compact Binary Coalescences: (I) Inspiral-Merger
• Gauge singlet scalar as inflaton and thermal relic dark matter
• Accelerated Cosmological Models in Ricci squared Gravity
• The (pseudo)issue of the conformal frame revisited
• Living beyond the edge: Higgs inflation and vacuum metastability
• Higgs inflation
• Solar System experiments do not yet veto modified gravity models
• Nonmetricity formulation of general relativity and its scalar-tensor extension
• Dark Energy in light of Multi-Messenger Gravitational-Wave astronomy
• f(R) gravity theories in Palatini formalism: cosmological dynamics and observational constraints
• Static spherically symmetric perfect fluid solutions in $f(R)$ theories of gravity
• A viability criterion for modified gravity with an extra force
• The Newtonian limit at intermediate energies
• Higgs Inflation and Naturalness
• Bouncing Cosmologies in Palatini $f(R)$ Gravity
• Einstein and Jordan frames reconciled: a frame-invariant approach to scalar-tensor cosmology
• Covariant formulation of scalar-torsion gravity
• The Cauchy problem of scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Violation of the Equivalence Principle in Modified Theories of Gravity
• Higgs-Dilaton Cosmology: an effective field theory approach
• Covariant Effective Action for Loop Quantum Cosmology a la Palatini
• Conformal-Frame (In)dependence of Cosmological Observations in Scalar-Tensor Theory
• The phase space view of f(R) gravity
• Invariant quantities in the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation
• Variable gravity Universe
• Phantom cosmology with general potentials
• Spherically symmetric spacetimes in f(R) gravity theories
• Wormhole throats in $R^m$ gravity
• Frame-dependence of higher-order inflationary observables in scalar-tensor theories
• On Wormhole Throats in $f(R)$ Gravity Theory
• Interacting dark energy in $f(R)$ gravity
• Modified gravity and the stability of de Sitter space
• The dynamics of metric-affine gravity
• Theory of gravitation theories: a no-progress report
• The Renormalization Group and Weyl-invariance
• Cosmographic reconstruction of $f(\mathcal{T})$ cosmology
• Isotropic and Anisotropic Bouncing Cosmologies in Palatini Gravity
• Highly compact neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravity: Spontaneous scalarization versus gravitational collapse
• Hamiltonian Formulation of Palatini f(R) theories a la Brans-Dicke
• Dynamical Aspects of Generalized Palatini Theories of Gravity
• Coleman-Weinberg linear inflation: metric vs. Palatini formulation
• A frame independent classification of single field inflationary models
• Curvature singularities, tidal forces and the viability of Palatini f(R) gravity
• Re-examination of Polytropic Spheres in Palatini f(R) Gravity
• General Analytic Solutions of Scalar Field Cosmology with Arbitrary Potential
• Thermodynamics in $f(R)$ gravity in the Palatini formalism
• Family of scalar-nonmetricity theories of gravity
• New universal attractor in nonmininally coupled gravity: Linear inflation
• The interior spacetimes of stars in Palatini f(R) gravity
• Quantum corrections in Higgs inflation: the real scalar case
• Higgs inflation at the hilltop
• f(R) gravity, torsion and non-metricity
• From Brans-Dicke gravity to a geometrical scalar-tensor theory
• Conformal equivalence in classical gravity: the example of "veiled" General Relativity
• Cosmological expansion and the uniqueness of gravitational action
• The conformal transformation's controversy: what are we missing?
• The inflationary bispectrum with curved field-space
• hi_class: Background Evolution, Initial Conditions and Approximation Schemes
• Scale-Invariant Quadratic Gravity and Inflation in the Palatini Formalism
• Constraints on Disformal Couplings from the Properties of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
• 6+1 lessons from f(R) gravity
• Scalar-torsion theories of gravity III: analogue of scalar-tensor gravity and conformal invariants
• Hairy binary black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton theory and their effective-one-body description
• Energy-momentum complexes in f(R) theories of gravity
• Post-Newtonian parameters gamma and beta of scalar-tensor gravity with a general potential
• Equivalence of inflationary models between the metric and Palatini formulation of scalar-tensor theories
• Microscopic and Macroscopic Behaviors of Palatini Modified Gravity Theories
• Frame Covariant Nonminimal Multifield Inflation
• Shaken, not stirred: kinetic mixing in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Stellar configurations in f(R) theories of gravity
• A Universe without expansion
• Frame-Covariant Formulation of Inflation in Scalar-Curvature Theories
• Conformally related metrics and Lagrangians and their physical interpretation in cosmology
• Quadratic quantum cosmology with Schutz' perfect fluid
• Palatini frames in scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Scalar-torsion theories of gravity II: $L(T,X,Y,\varphi )$ theory
• On the Past Asymptotic Dynamics of Non-minimally Coupled Dark Energy
• Metric gravity theories and cosmology. I. Physical interpretation and viability
• General relativity as an attractor for scalar-torsion cosmology
• Unveiling the Dynamics of the Universe
• The dynamics of generalized Palatini Theories of Gravity
• Starobinsky cosmological model in Palatini formalism
• Challenges to global solutions in Horndeski's theory
• Stability of de Sitter spacetime under isotropic perturbations in semiclassical gravity
• Dark energy: investigation and modeling
• Brans-Dicke theory in Bondi-Sachs form: Asymptotically flat solutions, asymptotic symmetries and gravitational-wave memory effects
• Unitarity-violation in Generalized Higgs Inflation Models
• Quintessential inflation: A tale of emergent and broken symmetries
• Brans-Dicke theory: Jordan vs Einstein Frame
• Transformation properties and general relativity regime in scalar-tensor theories
• Higher-derivative gravity in brane world models
• Numerical relativity for Horndeski gravity
• Frame-invariant approach to higher-dimensional scalar-tensor gravity
• Frame Covariance in Quantum Gravity
• Scalar-tensor cosmologies: fixed points of the Jordan frame scalar field
• Invariant slow-roll parameters in scalar-tensor theories
• Potential dominated scalar-tensor cosmologies in the general relativity limit: phase space view
• Scalar field mass in generalized gravity
• Invariant quantities in the multiscalar-tensor theories of gravitation
• Braneworld non-minimal inflation with induced gravity
• Conformal Transformations in Cosmology of Modified Gravity: the Covariant Approach Perspective
• Inflation and Reheating in Spontaneously Generated Gravity
• Two-field disformal transformation and mimetic cosmology
• Hot big bang or slow freeze?
• Effective gravitational equations for f(R) braneworld models
• A minimal model of inflation and dark radiation
• Constraining Newtonian stellar configurations in f(R) theories of gravity
• The conformal status of $\omega =-3/2$ Brans-Dicke cosmology
• Non-minimal (self-)running inflation: metric vs. Palatini formulation
• New class of hybrid metric-Palatini scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Brans-Dicke theory in the local potential approximation
• Breakdown of the initial value formulation of scalar-tensor gravity and its physical meaning
• Post-Newtonian limit of scalar-torsion theories of gravity as analogue to scalar-curvature theories
• Equivalence of cosmological observables in conformally related scalar tensor theories
• The dynamical viability of scalar-tensor gravity theories
• Conformally rescaled spacetimes and Hawking radiation
• The Campanelli-Lousto and veiled spacetimes
• Structure of Compact Stars in R-squared Palatini Gravity
• On the number of $e$-folds in the Jordan and Einstein frames
• The effective theory of fluids at NLO and implications for dark energy
• Multiple point criticality principle and Coleman-Weinberg inflation
• Energy Conditions in Jordan Frame
• Beyond the Poles in Attractor Models of Inflation
• Primordial cosmic fluctuations for variable gravity
• Modified gravity and coupled quintessence
• Non-minimally Coupled Cosmological Models with the Higgs-like Potentials and Negative Cosmological Constant
• Unimodular Einstein--Cartan gravity: Dynamics and conservation laws
• The horizon-entropy increase law for causal and quasi-local horizons and conformal field redefinitions
• Cosmology in Poincare gauge gravity with a pseudoscalar torsion
• Indistinguishable Macroscopic Behaviour of Palatini Gravities and General Relativity
• Renormalizable, asymptotically free gravity without ghosts or tachyons
• Disformal Transformations in Scalar-Torsion Gravity
• Conformal relativity versus Brans-Dicke and superstring theories
• Slow-Roll Inflation in the Jordan Frame
• On the equivalence of Jordan and Einstein frames in scale-invariant gravity
• On the Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture and the Generalized Non-Minimal Coupling
• Nonminimal coupling inflation with constant slow roll
• Post-Newtonian parameters $\gamma$ and $\beta$ of scalar-tensor gravity for a homogeneous gravitating sphere
• On the Dirac field in the Palatini form of 1/R gravity
• Slice Energy in Higher Order Gravity Theories and Conformal Transformations
• Cosmological Consequences of Exponential Gravity in Palatini Formalism
• Higgs field in cosmology
• Covariant Equations of Motion of Extended Bodies with Arbitrary Mass and Spin Multipoles
• Structure formation in $f(R)$ gravity: A distinguishing probe between the dark energy and modified gravity
• Conformal Killing horizons and their thermodynamics
• An effective theory of accelerated expansion
• Hubble multi-scalar inflation
• Linearization of a warped $f(R)$ theory in the higher-order frame
• Invariant quantities of Scalar-Tensor Theories for stellar structure
• Scalar-tensor cosmologies: general relativity as a fixed point of the Jordan frame scalar field
• Spontaneous breaking of conformal invariance, solitons and gravitational waves in theories of conformally invariant gravitation
• Linearized modified gravity theories and gravitational waves physics in the GBD theory
• A Nonsingular Brans Wormhole: An Analogue to Naked Black Holes
• Oscillatons formed by non linear gravity
• Inverse-Chirp Imprint of Gravitational Wave Signals in Scalar Tensor Theory
• Observables in theories with a varying fine structure constant
• Polynomial $f(R)$ Palatini cosmology -- dynamical system approach
• Test of the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector on Galactic Scales
• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
• Reconstructing Mimetic Cosmology
• Virtual Black Holes and the S-matrix
• Dynamical dark energy can amplify the expansion rate of the Universe
• Modified Regge calculus as an explanation of dark energy
• Primordial flat frame -- a new view on inflation
• Global Portraits of Nonminimal Inflation: Metric and Palatini
• Comments on Scalar-Tensor Representation of $f(R)$ Theories
• Black hole stability in Jordan and Einstein frames
• Generalising the matter coupling in massive gravity: a search for new interactions
• Phenomenological signatures of gauge invariant theories of gravity with vectorial nonmetricity
• Interpreting the conformal cousin of the Husain-Martinez-Nunez solution
• Parametrizations in scalar-tensor theories of gravity and the limit of general relativity
• Conformal and kinetic couplings as two Jordan frames of the same theory
• Black branes in four-dimensional conformal equivalent theories
• Codimension Two Branes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• F(R) gravity in purely affine formulation
• Gauge Issues in Extended Gravity and f(R) Cosmology
• On the Cosmological Frame Problem
• Lorentz-violating gravity and the bootstrap procedure
• A detailed first-order post-Newtonian analysis of massive Brans-Dicke theories: numerical constraints and the $\beta$ parameter meaning
• Viable Constraint on Scalar Field in Scalar-Tensor Theory
• Hollowgraphy Driven Holography: Black Hole with Vanishing Volume Interior
• Consistency of equations of motion in conformal frames
• Comoving curvature perturbation in Jordan and Einstein frames
• Jordan frame beyond scalar-tensor theories
• Splitting the source term for the Einstein equation to classical and quantum parts
• Pole inflation in Jordan frame supergravity
• Surface gravity from tidal acceleration
• Einstein and Jordan frame correspondence in quantum cosmology: Expansion-collapse duality
• Time-Dependent Scalar Fields in Modified Gravities in a Stationary Spacetime
• Dynamical transition to spontaneous scalarization in neutron stars: The massive scalar field scenario
• Crossing the Big Bang singularity
• Field transformations and invariant quantities in scalar-teleparallel theories of gravity
• From inflation to dark energy in scalar-tensor cosmology
• A Conformally Invariant Theory of Gravitation in Metric Measure Space
• Cosmology and Static Spherically Symmetric solutions in D-dimensional Scalar Tensor Theories: Some Novel Features
• De Sitter ground state of scalar-tensor gravity and its primordial perturbation
• Is scalar-tensor gravity consistent with polytropic stellar models?
• Weyl frames and canonical transformations in geometrical scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• Extremal Black Holes as Relativistic Systems with Kepler Dynamics
• Black hole temperature: minimal coupling vs conformal coupling
• Higgs Inflation on Braneworld
• Crossing Phantom Boundary in $f(R)$ Modified Gravity : Jordan Frame vs Einstein Frame
• Observable predictions of generalised inflationary scenarios
• Global Portraits of Inflation in Nonsingular Variables
• Hubble Diagrams in the Jordan and Einstein Frames
• Bouncing and collapsing universes dual to late-time cosmological models
• Cosmological memory effect in scalar-tensor theories
• Scalar-tensor cosmologies in a minisuperspace formulation: a case study
• Stability of spherical thin-shell wormholes in scalar-tensor theories
• Is it possible to separate baryonic from dark matter within the $\Lambda$-CDM formalism?
• Gravitational Interactions in a General Multibrane Model
• $\beta$-function reconstruction of Palatini inflationary attractors
• Proper time and conformal problem in Kaluza-Klein theory
• Cosmological and astrophysical applications of modified theories of gravity
• Metric Measure Space as a Framework for Gravitation
• Parametric instability in scalar gravitational fields
• Slice Energy and Conformal Frames in Theories of Gravitation
• Spontaneously Induced General Relativity: Holographic Interior for Reissner-Nordstrom Exterior
• Gravitational attraction of ultra-relativistic matter: A new testbed for modified gravity at the Large Hadron Collider
• Some remarks concerning invariant quantities in scalar-tensor gravity
• Notes on the compatibility of type Ia supernovae data and varying--$G$ cosmology
• Ward identities under the frame transformations in curved spacetime
• Constraints on a cubic Galileon disformally coupled to Standard Model matter
• The holographic bound in the scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ gravities
• Dynamics of a nonminimally coupled scalar field in asymptotically $Ad{S}_4$ spacetime
• Cosmology in a Globally U(1) Symmetric Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Scalar-tensor gravity in the Palatini approach