Microwave-Induced Cooling of a Superconducting Qubit

Abstract

We demonstrated microwave-induced cooling in a superconducting flux qubit. The thermal population in the first-excited state of the qubit is driven to a higher-excited state by way of a sideband transition. Subsequent relaxation into the ground state results in cooling. Effective temperatures as low as Teff~ 3 millikelvin are achieved for bath temperatures Tbath = 30 - 400 millikelvin, a cooling factor between 10 and 100. This demonstration provides an analog to optical cooling of trapped ions and atoms and is generalizable to other solid-state quantum systems. Active cooling of qubits, applied to quantum information science, provides a means for qubit-state preparation with improved fidelity and for suppressing decoherence in multi-qubit systems.

Comments Article plus Supplementary Online Material. 19 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (13)

• Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics: Coherent Coupling of a Single Photon to a Cooper Pair Box
• Quantum state engineering with Josephson-junction devices
• Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box
• Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit
• Coherent Quantum Dynamics of a Superconducting Flux Qubit
• A Superconducting Persistent Current Qubit
• Coherent dynamics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator
• Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit
• Ground state laser cooling using electromagnetically induced transparency
• Landau-Zener interferometry with superconducting qubits
• Vacuum Rabi oscillations in a macroscopic superconducting qubit LC oscillator system
• Coherent Quasiclassical Dynamics of a Persistent Current Qubit
• Parametric control of a superconducting flux qubit

Cited by in corpus (115)

• Quantum Computing
• A Quantum Engineer's Guide to Superconducting Qubits
• Hybrid quantum circuits: Superconducting circuits interacting with other quantum systems
• Atomic physics and quantum optics using superconducting circuits
• Microwave photonics with superconducting quantum circuits
• The Flux Qubit Revisited to Enhance Coherence and Reproducibility
• Exponentially-Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction, Cooperativities, and Steady-State Entanglement Using Parametric Amplification
• Engineered Dissipation for Quantum Information Science
• Demonstrating a Driven Reset Protocol of a Superconducting Qubit
• Cavity-assisted quantum bath engineering
• Fast and Unconditional All-Microwave Reset of a Superconducting Qubit
• Thermal and Residual Excited-State Population in a 3D Transmon Qubit
• Initialization by measurement of a two-qubit superconducting circuit
• Optical Properties of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
• Amplitude Spectroscopy of a Solid-State Artificial Atom
• Suppressing relaxation in superconducting qubits by quasiparticle pumping
• Towards phase-coherent caloritronics in superconducting circuits
• Improved Superconducting Qubit Readout by Qubit-Induced Nonlinearities
• Quantum Circuit Refrigerator
• Persistent control of a superconducting qubit by stroboscopic measurement feedback
• Experimental high-dimensional Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement with superconducting transmon qutrits
• Electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting in superconducting flux quantum circuits
• Two-Mode Squeezed States and Entangled States of Two Mechanical Resonators
• Implementation of a Walsh-Hadamard gate in a superconducting qutrit
• Generation of squeezed states of microwave radiation in a superconducting resonant circuit
• Simultaneous cooling of an artificial atom and its neighboring quantum system
• Robust manipulation of superconducting qubits in the presence of fluctuations
• Nanoscale phase-engineering of thermal transport with a Josephson heat modulator
• Pulsed reset protocol for fixed-frequency superconducting qubits
• Microwave Down-Conversion with an Impedance-Matched $\Lambda$ System in Driven Circuit QED
• Universal quantum gates on microwave photons assisted by circuit quantum electrodynamics
• Information entropic superconducting microcooler
• Quantum refrigerator driven by current noise
• Heat-Bath Algorithmic Cooling with optimal thermalization strategies
• Implementation of an impedance-matched Λsystem by dressed-state engineering
• The upside of noise: engineered dissipation as a resource in superconducting circuits
• Large-amplitude driving of a superconducting artificial atom: Interferometry, cooling, and amplitude spectroscopy
• Lower limit on the achievable temperature in resonator-based sideband cooling
• One- and two-photon spectroscopy of a flux qubit coupled to a microscopic defect
• Cooling a mechanical resonator via coupling to a tunable double quantum dot
• Radiative cooling of a superconducting resonator
• Generating nonclassical photon-states via longitudinal couplings between superconducting qubits and microwave fields
• Observation and stabilization of photonic Fock states in a hot radio-frequency resonator
• Coexistence of multi-photon processes and longitudinal couplings in superconducting flux qubits
• Robust multipartite entanglement generation via a collision model
• Coupler-Assisted Controlled-Phase Gate with Enhanced Adiabaticity
• Universal non-adiabatic control of small-gap superconducting qubits
• Towards Outperforming Classical Algorithms with Analog Quantum Simulators
• State Preparation on Quantum Computers via Quantum Steering
• Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of erasure with superconducting flux logic
• Circuit QED with a Flux Qubit Strongly Coupled to a Coplanar Transmission Line Resonator
• Squeezing as the source of inefficiency in the quantum Otto cycle
• Driving forbidden transitions in the fluxonium artificial atom
• Cooling of a Micro-mechanical Resonator by the Back-action of Lorentz Force
• Pulse calibration and non-adiabatic control of solid-state artificial atoms
• Multi-level interference resonances in strongly-driven three-level systems
• Multilevel effects in the Rabi oscillations of a Josephson phase qubit
• Dissipative preparation and stabilization of many-body quantum states in a superconducting qutrit array
• Cavity cooling of an ensemble spin system
• A Josephson Junction Microscope for Low-frequency Fluctuators
• System-Environment Correlations in Qubit Initialization and Control
• Tunable electromagnetic environment for superconducting quantum bits
• Universal two-qubit interactions, measurement and cooling for quantum simulation and computing
• Electronic Radio-Frequency Refrigerator
• Time-Reversal Symmetry and Universal Conductance Fluctuations in a Driven Two-Level System
• Tuned transition from quantum to classical for macroscopic quantum states
• Time-optimal purification of a qubit in contact with a structured environment
• Fast control of dissipation in a superconducting resonator
• Tunable refrigerator for non-linear quantum electric circuits
• Mixing of coherent waves on a single three-level artificial atom
• A V-shape superconducting artificial atom based on two inductively coupled transmons
• Validity of Born-Markov master equations for single and two-qubit systems
• On-demand driven dissipation for cavity reset and cooling
• Cooling photon-pressure circuits into the quantum regime
• Initial experimental results on a superconducting-qubit reset based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling
• Recent Developments in Quantum-Circuit Refrigeration
• Quantum Computing by Cooling
• Single-photon heat conduction in electrical circuits
• A quantum Stirling heat engine operating in finite time
• Experimental Realization of Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration
• Cavity cooling to the ground state of an ensemble quantum system
• Site-wise manipulations and Mott insulator-superfluid transition of interacting photons using superconducting circuit simulators
• Anneal-path correction in flux qubits
• Cooling a magnetic resonance force microscope via the dynamical back-action of nuclear spins
• Correcting low-frequency noise with continuous measurement
• Landau-Zener-Stuckelberg interference in a multi-anticrossing system
• Exceptional-point-assisted entanglement, squeezing, and reset in a chain of three superconducting resonators
• Low-temperature environments for quantum computation and quantum simulation
• Cooling a quantum circuit via coupling to a multiqubit system
• Measurement-induced cooling of a qubit in structured environments
• Realistic quantum manipulation of two-level system fluctuators
• Highly Controllable Qubit-Bath Coupling Based on a Sequence of Resonators
• Dissipative Landau-Zener tunneling in the crossover regime from weak to strong environment coupling
• Quantum emulation of coherent backscattering in a system of superconducting qubits
• Quantum Emulation of Molecular Force Fields: A Blueprint for a Superconducting Architecture
• Coherent spin rotation in the presence of a phonon-bottleneck effect
• A thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network traversing 4 K
• Asymmetric Transmission Through a Classical Analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm Ring
• Improved autonomous error correction using variable dissipation in small logical qubit architectures
• Distributed thermal tasks on many-body systems through a single quantum machine
• Flux-qubit and the law of angular momentum conservation
• High-Density Qubit Wiring: Pin-Chip Bonding for Fully Vertical Interconnects
• Strong coupling of a Gd${}^{3+}$ multilevel spin system to an on-chip superconducting resonator
• Cooling a two-level emitter in photonic crystal environments
• Reservoir Engineering for Classical Nonlinear Fields
• Absorbing state phase transitions beyond directed percolation in dissipative quantum state preparation
• Out-of-equilibrium nonlinear model of thermoelectricity in superconducting tunnel junctions
• A Controllable Interaction between Two-Level Systems inside a Josephson Junction
• Two-photon cooling of a nonlinear quantum oscillator
• Entanglement versus cooling in the system of a driven pair of two-level qubits longitudinally coupled with a boson mode field
• Characterization of multi-level dynamics and decoherence in a high-anharmonicity capacitively shunted flux circuit
• Quantum circuit refrigerator based on quantum dots coupled to normal-metal and superconducting electrodes
• Efficient steady state entanglement generation in strongly driven coupled qubits
• Protocol for temperature sensing using a three-level transmon circuit
• Physically motivated decompositions of single-qutrit gates