Quantum Spin Pump in S=1/2 antiferromagnetic chains -Holonomy of phase operators in sine-Gordon theory-

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the quantum spin pumping in quantum spin systems where an applied electric field ($E$) and magnetic field ($H$) cause a finite spin gap to its critical ground state. When these systems are subject to alternating electromangetic fields; $(E,H)=(\sin \frac{2\pi t}{T},\cos \frac{2\pi t}{T})$ and travel along the {\it{loop}} ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{loop}}$ which encloses their critical ground state in this $E$-$H$ phase diagram, the locking potential in the sine-Gordon model slides and changes its minimum. As a result, the phase operator acquires $2\pi$ holonomy during one cycle along ${\Gamma }_{\mathrm{loop}}$, which means that the quantized spin current has been transported through the bulk systems during this adiabatic process. The relevance to real systems such as Cu-benzoate and ${\mathrm{Yb}}_4{\mathrm{As}}_3$ is also discussed.

10 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) no. 4. Typos corrected in the revised version

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