paper

Lattice Twisting Operators and Vertex Operators in Sine-Gordon Theory in One Dimension

arXiv:cond-mat/0106043 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.153110

Abstract

In one dimension, the exponential position operators introduced in a theory of polarization are identified with the twisting operators appearing in the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis argument, and their finite-size expectation values measure the overlap between the unique ground state and an excited state. Insulators are characterized by . We identify with ground-state expectation values of vertex operators in the sine-Gordon model. This allows an accurate detection of quantum phase transitions in the universality classes of the Gaussian model. We apply this theory to the half-filled extended Hubbard model and obtain agreement with the level-crossing approach.

4 pages, 3 figures

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