Formalising the Slow-Roll Approximation in Inflation

Abstract

The meaning of the inflationary slow-roll approximation is formalised. Comparisons are made between an approach based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equations, governing the evolution of the Hubble parameter, and the usual scenario based on the evolution of the potential energy density. The vital role of the inflationary attractor solution is emphasised, and some of its properties described. We propose a new measure of inflation, based upon contraction of the comoving Hubble length as opposed to the usual e-foldings of physical expansion, and derive relevant formulae. We introduce an infinite hierarchy of slow-roll parameters, and show that only a finite number of them are required to produce results to a given order. The extension of the slow-roll approximation into an analytic slow-roll expansion, converging on the exact solution, is provided. Its role in calculations of inflationary dynamics is discussed. We explore rational-approximants as a method of extending the range of convergence of the slow-roll expansion up to, and beyond, the end of inflation.

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• Global Portraits of Inflation in Nonsingular Variables
• Gravitational Coupling, Dynamical Changes of Units and The Cosmological Constant Problem
• Primordial Gravitational Waves and Reheating in a New Class of Plateau-like Inflationary Potentials
• Comment on: "Third-order corrections to the slow-roll expansion: Calculation and constraints with Planck, ACT, SPT, and BICEP/Keck [2025 PDU 47 101813]"
• Time-reversed Stochastic Inflation
• Primordial black holes formation in inflationary $F(R)$ models with scalar fields
• Constraints on the generalized natural inflation after Planck 2018
• Inflation: a quantum laboratory on cosmological scales
• From WMAP to Planck: Exact reconstruction of 4- and 5-dimensional inflationary potential from high precision CMB measurements
• Slow-roll corrections in multi-field inflation: a separate universes approach
• Ultra slow-roll with a black hole
• Non-linear effects in early Universe cosmology
• Chaotic Inflation from the MSSM Along Flat $D$-Term Trajectory
• New Integrable Chiral Cosmological Models with Two Scalar Fields
• Tachyon constant-roll inflation in Randall-Sundrum II cosmology
• On the slow roll expansion of one-field cosmological models
• Adaptive asymptotic solutions of inflationary models in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism: Application to T-models
• Primordial magnetic fields in the $f^{2}FF$ model in large field inflation under de Sitter and power law expansion
• Theoretical and observational aspects of cosmological inflation
• Mixed constraints to inflationary models
• The Primordial Magnetic Field (PMF) Generated in Large Field Inflation (LFI), Natural Inflation (NI) and $R^2$-Inflation by $f^{2}FF$ Model
• Primordial Perturbations Including Second-Order Derivatives of the Inflationary Potential
• Confronting phantom inflation with Planck data
• Mori-Zwanzig formalism for early cosmic inflation
• Dynamical Henneaux-Teitelboim Gravity
• Primordial black holes within Higgs hybrid metric-Palatini approach
• On inflationary parameters in scalar-tensor theories
• Modified Power law Inflation: solution to the graceful exit problem and improvement of dark energy models
• Non-minimally coupled scalar field and scaling symmetry in a cosmological background
• The role of the slope in the the multi-measure cosmological model
• Returning Back to Mukhanov Parametrization of Inflationary Equation of State
• Inflation in simple one-loop effective potentials of perturbative quantum gravity
• Inflation from IIB Superstrings with Fluxes
• Reconstructing square-law k-inflation from Planck data
• Inflation and primordial fluctuations in $f(Q,T)$ gravity
• Finite inflation in curved space
• Confronting Mukhanov Parametrization of Inflationary Equation-of-State with ACT-DR6