In-Orbit Performance of the Hard X-ray Detector on board Suzaku

Abstract

The in-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on board the X-ray astronomy satellite Suzaku are described. Its basic performances, including a wide energy bandpass of 10-600 keV, energy resolutions of ~4 keV (FWHM) at 40 keV and ~11% at 511 keV, and a high background rejection efficiency, have been confirmed by extensive in-orbit calibrations. The long-term gains of PIN-Si diodes have been stable within 1% for half a year, and those of scintillators have decreased by 5-20%. The residual non-X-ray background of the HXD is the lowest among past non-imaging hard X-ray instruments in energy ranges of 15-70 and 150-500 keV. We provide accurate calibrations of energy responses, angular responses, timing accuracy of the HXD, and relative normalizations to the X-ray CCD cameras using multiple observations of the Crab Nebula.

45 pages, 40 figures and 9 tables; accepted for Pulications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

References in corpus (4)

• Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on Board Suzaku
• Absolute Timing of the Crab Pulsar with RXTE
• Cyclotron resonance energies at a low X-ray luminosity: A0535+262 observed with Suzaku
• INTEGRAL observations of the Crab pulsar

Cited by in corpus (220)

• Hard X-ray Detector (HXD) on Board Suzaku
• Monte-Carlo Simulator and Ancillary Response Generator of Suzaku XRT/XIS System for Spatially Extended Source Analysis
• Reproducibility of Non-X-ray Background for the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer aboard Suzaku
• Suzaku Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected in the Swift/BAT Survey: Discovery of "New Type" of Buried Supermassive Black Holes
• Suzaku observations of the hard X-ray variability of MCG-6-30-15: the effects of strong gravity around a Kerr black hole
• Study of Nonthermal Emission from SNR RX J1713.7-3946 with Suzaku
• NuSTAR and Suzaku observations of the hard state in Cygnus X-1: locating the inner accretion disk
• In-Orbit Performance of MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC) on ISS
• Suzaku Results on Cygnus X-1 in the Low/Hard State
• Fe-K line probing of material around the AGN central engine with Suzaku
• Cross-calibration of the X-ray Instruments onboard the Chandra, INTEGRAL, RXTE, Suzaku, Swift, and XMM-Newton Observatories using G21.5-0.9
• Multiwavelength Observations of the Powerful Gamma-ray Quasar PKS 1510-089: Clues on the Jet Composition
• Study of the Spectral and Temporal Characteristics of X-Ray Emission of the Gamma-Ray Binary LS 5039 with Suzaku
• The truncated and evolving inner accretion disc of the black hole GX 339-4
• X-Ray Spectral Model from Clumpy Torus and Its Application to Circinus Galaxy
• The Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton camera of the ASTRO-H Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD)
• White dwarf masses in intermediate polars observed with the Suzaku satellite
• The variable hard X-ray emission of NGC4945 as observed by NuSTAR
• Suzaku discovery of iron absorption lines in outburst spectra of the X-ray transient 4U 1630-472
• Nonthermal phenomena in clusters of galaxies
• Magnetar Broadband X-ray Spectra Correlated with Magnetic Fields: Suzaku Archive of SGRs and AXPs Combined with NuSTAR, Swift, and RXTE
• X-Ray Spectroscopy of SN 1006 with Suzaku
• Broad-band spectral analysis of the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission
• Revealing the High Energy Emission from the Obscured Seyfert Galaxy MCG -5-23-16 with Suzaku
• Probing the Disk-jet Connection of the Radio Galaxy 3C120 Observed with Suzaku
• Suzaku Discovery of Hard X-ray Pulsations from the Rotating Magnetized White Dwarf, AE Aquarii
• The Suzaku Observation of the Nucleus of the Radio-Loud Active Galaxy Centaurus A: Constraints on Abundances of the Accreting Material
• Evidence for a Cool Disk and Inhomogeneous Coronae from Wide-band Temporal Spectroscopy of Cygnus X-1 with Suzaku
• Simultaneous Multiwavelength observation of Mkn 501 in a low state in 2006
• Discovery of a Cyclotron Resonance Feature in the X-ray Spectrum of GX 304-1 with RXTE and Suzaku during Outbursts Detected by MAXI in 2010
• Structure of the Accretion Flow in Broad-Line Radio Galaxies: The Case of 3C390.3
• Suzaku wide-band observations of SN 1006
• Hard X-ray Properties of the Merging Cluster Abell 3667 as Observed with Suzaku
• Suzaku Observations of Tycho's Supernova Remnant
• Measuring the Broad-band X-Ray Spectrum from 400 eV to 40 keV in the Southwest Part of the Supernova Remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• Data-oriented Diagnostics of Pileup Effects on the Suzaku XIS
• Suzaku wide-band X-ray Spectroscopy of the Seyfert 2 AGN in NGC 4945
• Suzaku X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy of Cassiopeia A
• NGC454: unveiling a new "changing look" AGN
• Low/Hard State Spectra of GRO J1655-40 Observed with Suzaku
• Suzaku Studies of Wide-Band Spectral Variability of the Bright Type I Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 509
• In Orbit Timing Calibration of the Hard X-Ray Detector on Board Suzaku
• GK Per and EX Hya: Intermediate polars with small magnetospheres
• Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3 II. The AGILE 2007 December campaign
• SGR 1806-20 about two years after the giant flare: Suzaku, XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations
• Suzaku Observations of PSR B1259-63: A New Manifestation of Relativistic Pulsar Wind
• Suzaku observations of the HMXB 1A 1118-61
• The Nature of the Stable Soft X-ray Emissions in Several Types of Active Galactic Nuclei Observed by Suzaku
• X-ray Halo Around the Spiral Galaxy NGC 4631 Observed with Suzaku
• PoGOLite - A High Sensitivity Balloon-Borne Soft Gamma-ray Polarimeter
• Suzaku broad-band spectroscopy of RX J1347.5-1145: constraints on the extremely hot gas and non-thermal emission
• Long-term Stability of Non-thermal X-ray Modulation in the Gamma-ray Binary LS 5039
• Suzaku Observation of the Radio Halo Cluster Abell 2319: Gas Dynamics and Hard X-ray Properties
• Suzaku Observations of Hercules X-1 : Measurements of the Two Cyclotron Harmonics
• Soft and Hard X-Ray Emissions from the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 4U 0142+61 Observed with Suzaku
• Short-Term Variability of X-rays from Accreting Neutron Star Vela X-1: I. Suzaku Observations
• The weak neutral Fe fluorescence line and long-term X-ray evolution of the Compton-thick AGN in NGC 7674
• Is the black hole in GX 339-4 really spinning rapidly?
• Suzaku Observations of M82 X-1 : Detection of a Curved Hard X-ray Spectrum
• Suzaku Spectroscopy of an X-Ray Reflection Nebula and a New Supernova Remnant Candidate in the Sgr B1 Region
• Testing Accretion Disk Structure with Suzaku data of LMC X-3
• The Nature of a Cosmic-Ray Accelerator, CTB37 B, Observed with Suzaku and Chandra
• Multiband Diagnostics of Unidentified 1FGL Sources with Suzaku and Swift X-ray Observations
• Suzaku and NuSTAR X-Ray Spectroscopy of gamma Cas and HD110432
• Discovery of Rapidly Moving Partial X-ray Absorbers within gamma Cassiopeiae
• A strong excess in the 20-100 keV emission of NGC 1365
• Suzaku Wide Band Analysis of the X-ray Variability of TeV Blazar Mrk 421 in 2006
• Suzaku and Multi-wavelength Observations of OJ 287 during the Periodic Optical Outburst in 2007
• Accretion Geometry of the Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1 in the Soft and Hard States
• The Suzaku view of 3C 382
• Extreme Blazars Studied with Fermi-LAT and Suzaku: 1ES 0347-121 and Blazar Candidate HESS J1943+213
• Evidence for a Truncated Accretion Disc in the Low Luminosity Seyfert Galaxy, NGC 7213?
• Suzaku view of X-ray Spectral Variability of the Radio Galaxy Centaurus A : Partial Covering Absorber, Reflector, and Possible Jet Component
• Suzaku Observation of Diffuse X-ray Emission from the Carina Nebula
• Suzaku Observations of gamma-Ray Bright Radio Galaxies: Origin of the X-ray Emission and Broad-Band Modelin
• Observation of polarised hard X-ray emission from the Crab by the PoGOLite Pathfinder
• Suzaku Spectroscopy Study of Hard X-Ray Emission in the Arches Cluster
• XMM-Newton and Suzaku detection of an X-ray emitting shell around the pulsar wind nebula G54.1+0.3
• A Compton thick AGN in the barred spiral NGC 4785
• Improvement of Spectroscopic Performance using a Charge-sensitive Amplifier Circuit for an X-Ray Astronomical SOI Pixel Detector
• Hard X-Ray Spectrum from West Lobe of Radio Galaxy Fornax A Observed with Suzaku
• An Apparent Hard X-ray Decline of CH Cygni
• Spectral Cross-calibration of the Konus-Wind, the Suzaku/WAM, and the Swift/BAT Data using Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Application of X-Ray Clumpy Torus Model (XCLUMPY) to 10 Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei Observed with Suzaku and NuSTAR
• Wide-band spectroscopy of the Compton thick Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3 with Suzaku
• A Spectral Study of the Black Hole Candidate XTE J1752-223 in the High/Soft State with MAXI, Suzaku and Swift
• Suzaku broadband spectroscopy of Swift J1753.5-0127 in the Low-Hard State
• X-ray Intra-day Variability of the TeV Blazar Mrk 421 with Suzaku
• X-ray Constraint on Location of AGN Torus in Circinus Galaxy
• Suzaku Observations of Luminous Quasars: Revealing the Nature of High-Energy Blazar Emission in Quiescent States
• Suzaku Observations of HESS J1616-508: Evidence for a Dark Particle Accelerator
• Black hole spin of Cyg X-1 determined from the softest state ever observed
• Suzaku Spectroscopy of the Extended X-Ray Emission in M17
• Relativistic Fe K alpha line study in Seyfert 1 galaxies observed with Suzaku
• Broad band X-ray spectroscopy of A0535+262 with SUZAKU
• The Suzaku Observation of NGC 3516: Complex Absorption and the Broad and Narrow Fe K Lines
• A Suzaku Observation of NGC 4593: Illuminating the Truncated Disk
• Suzaku Observation of HCG 62: Temperature, Abundance, and Extended Hard X-ray Emission Profiles
• Discovery of a possible X-ray counterpart to HESS J1804-216
• Suzaku monitoring of the Wolf-Rayet binary WR140 around periastron passage: An approach for quantifying the wind parameters
• Suzaku Observation of the Intermediate Polar V1223 Sagittarii
• Suzaku X-ray Follow-up Observations of Seven Unassociated Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Sources at High Galactic Latitudes
• Spectral Variation of the Hard X-ray Emission from the Crab Nebula with the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector
• Suzaku Detection of Extended/Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission from the Galactic Center
• Application of Clumpy Torus Model to Broadband X-ray Spectra of Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies: IC 4329A and NGC 7469
• Fe-K Line Time variability and Ni abundance of Distant Reflector in Seyfert Galaxies
• Suzaku X-ray Imaging of the Extended Lobe in the Giant Radio Galaxy NGC6251 Associated with the Fermi-LAT Source 2FGLJ1629.4+8236
• A Systematic X-ray Study of the Dwarf Novae Observed with Suzaku
• Discovery of a 36 ks Phase Modulation in the Hard X-ray Pulses from the Magnetar 1E 1547.0$-$5408
• A NuSTAR confirmation of the 36 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 1E 1547.0$-$5408
• Suzaku observation of the giant radio galaxy 3C 326
• Non-thermal emission in the core of Perseus: results from a long XMM-Newton observation
• Evidence for a circum-nuclear and ionised absorber in the X-ray obscured BroadLine Radio Galaxy 3C 445
• Suzaku observations of the type 2 QSO in the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster
• Fine-pitch semiconductor detector for the FOXSI mission
• Firm Detection of a Cyclotron Resonance Feature with Suzaku in the X-ray Spectrum of GRO J1008-57 during a Giant Outburst in 2012
• A Novel Approach in Constraining Electron Spectra in Blazar Jets: The Case of Markarian 421
• An outburst scenario for the X-ray spectral variability in 3C 111
• Decoupling absorption and continuum variability in the Seyfert 2 NGC 4507
• Suzaku X-Ray Study of an Anomalous Source XSS J12270-4859
• Spectral and Timing Studies of Cyg X-1 in the Low/Hard State with Suzaku
• Suzaku View of the Neutron Star in the Dipping Source 4U 1822$-$37
• A Suzaku observation of the ULIRG IRAS19254-7245: disclosing the AGN component
• The High Energy view of the Broad Line Radio Galaxy 3C 111
• Origin of the Broad Iron Line Feature and the Soft X-ray Variation in Seyfert Galaxies
• Super-hard X-Ray Emission from eta Carinae Observed with Suzaku
• High-Energy Properties of the Enigmatic Be Star gamma Cassiopeiae
• Tracking the Complex Absorption in NGC 2110 with Two Suzaku Observations
• Doppler-Broadened Iron X-ray Lines from Tycho's Supernova Remnant
• Discovery of 40.5 ks Hard X-ray Pulse-Phase Modulations from SGR 1900+14
• A high spectral resolution map of the nuclear emitting regions of NGC 7582
• Suzaku Detection of Super-hard X-ray Emission from the Classical Nova V2491 Cygni
• Unraveling the Nature of Unidentified High Galactic Latitude Fermi/LAT Gamma-ray Sources with Suzaku
• Investigating the reflection contribution to the X-ray emission of Ton S180
• X-Ray Studies of HESS J1809-193 with Suzaku
• Modeling of proton-induced radioactivation background in hard X-ray telescopes: Geant4-based simulation and its demonstration by Hitomi's measurement in a low Earth orbit
• Suzaku Results on the Obscured Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 4258
• A Suzaku X-Ray Study of the Particle Acceleration Processes in the Relativistic Jet of Blazar Mrk 421
• A NuSTAR study of the 55 ks hard X-ray pulse-phase modulation in the magnetar 4U 0142+61
• Suzaku Observation of the High-Inclination Binary EXO 0748-676 in the Hard State
• Reflection-dominated nuclear X-ray emission in the early-type galaxy ESO 565--G019
• Constraint of Non-thermal X-ray Emission from the On-going Merger Cluster Abell 3376 with Suzaku
• Suzaku X-Ray Spectroscopy of a Peculiar Hot Star in the Galactic Center Region
• Suzaku Monitoring of Hard X-ray Emission from Eta Carinae over a Single Binary Orbital Cycle
• Time-evolution of Peak Energy and Luminosity Relation within Pulses for GRB 061007: Probing Fireball Dynamics
• Probing the Accretion Scheme of the Dipping X-ray Binary 4U 1915-05 with Suzaku
• Improvements in calibration of GSO scintillators in the Suzaku Hard X-ray Detector
• A New Cluster of Galaxies towards the Galactic Bulge, Suzaku J1759-3450
• X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Classical Nova V458 Vulpeculae with Suzaku
• Tracking the energetics of the non-thermal disc-corona-jet in the very high state GX 339-4
• Discovery of a bright transient ultraluminous X-ray source Suzaku J1305-4931 in NGC 4945
• Evidence for different accretion regimes in GRO J1008-57
• Rapid Spectral Changes of Cygnus X-1 in the Low/Hard State with Suzaku
• The Suzaku Discovery of A Hard Power-Law Component in the Spectra of Short Bursts from SGR 0501+4516
• Search for a Non-equilibrium Plasma in the Merging Galaxy Cluster Abell 754
• Spectral Properties of Prompt Emission of Four Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by the Suzaku-WAM and the Konus-Wind
• Highly Ionized Fe-K Absorption Line from Cygnus X-1 in the High/Soft State Observed with Suzaku
• Short-Term Variability of X-rays from Accreting Neutron Star Vela X-1: II. Monte-Carlo Modeling
• Swifts GRB GRB071010B : outlier of the ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{peak}}^{\mathrm{src}}-{\mathrm{E}}_{\gamma }$ and ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{iso}}-{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{peak}}^{\mathrm{src}}-{\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{jet}}^{\mathrm{src}}$ correlations
• Application of a new X-ray reflection model to V1223 Sagittarii
• X-ray investigation of the diffuse emission around plausible gamma-ray emitting pulsar wind nebulae in Kookaburra region
• Suzaku Observations of the Merging Cluster Abell 85: Temperature Map and Impact Direction
• Phase-dependent X-ray observations of the beta Lyrae system: No eclipse in the soft band
• Suzaku Detection of Thermal X-Ray Emission Associated with the Western Radio Lobe of Fornax A
• Particle Propagation in the Galactic Center and Spatial Distribution of Non-Thermal X-rays
• Suzaku Observation of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1E 1841-045
• A Hard-to-Soft State Transition of Aquila X-1 Observed with Suzaku
• Spectral transitions of an ultraluminous X-ray source, NGC 2403 Source 3
• Kyoto's Event-Driven X-ray Astronomy SOI pixel sensor for the FORCE mission
• An X-ray counterpart of HESS J1427-608 discovered with Suzaku
• Swift and Suzaku Observations of the X-Ray Afterglow from the GRB 060105
• Suzaku observation of the unidentified VHE gamma-ray source HESS J1702-420
• Discovery of Extended X-Ray emission from the unidentified TeV source HESS J1614-518 using the Suzaku Satellite
• Broad-band spectral analysis of LMXB XTE J1710-281 with Suzaku
• In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)
• X-ray Study of Rekindled Accretion in the Classical Nova V2491 Cygni
• Detection of a Rare Supersoft Outburst Event during a Suzaku Observation of 1E0102.2-7219
• Broad-band X-ray spectra of anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft $\gamma$-ray repeaters: pulsars in a weak-accretion regime ?
• X-ray and Radio Follow-up Observations of High-Redshift Blazar Candidates in the Fermi-LAT Unassociated Source Population
• Suzaku Observations of the Galactic Center Microquasar 1E 1740.7-2942
• Suzaku Observation of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar CXOU J164710.2--455216
• Suzaku Detection of an Intense X-Ray Flare from an A-type Star HD161084
• A Suzaku Observation of the Low-Mass X-Ray Binary GS 1826-238 in the Hard State
• A method for determination of gamma-ray direction in space
• Suzaku Observations of Ejecta-Dominated Galactic Supernova Remnant G346.6-0.2
• Two Power-Law States of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source IC342 X-1
• The Iron K Line Profile of IRAS 18325-5926
• Detection of the hard X-ray non-thermal emission from Kepler's supernova remnant
• Suzaku X-Ray Observation of the Dwarf Nova Z Camelopardalis at the Onset of an Optical Outburst
• Suzaku Observation of the Symbiotic X-Ray Binary IGR J16194-2810
• The variable ionized absorber in the Seyfert 2 Mrk 348
• Study of the Large-scale Temperature Structure of the Perseus Cluster with Suzaku
• Suzaku Constraints on the Soft and Hard Excess Emissions from Abell 2199
• The origin of an extended X-ray emission apparently associated with the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
• Suzaku Observations of Extreme MeV Blazar SWIFT J0746.3+2548
• X-ray studies of HESS J1837--069 with Suzaku and ASCA: a VHE gamma-ray source originated from the pulsar wind nebula
• Photoneutron Detection in Lightning by Gadolinium Orthosilicate Scintillators
• Hard X-ray Spectral Investigations of Gamma-ray Bursts, 120521C and 130606A, at High-redshift z~6
• Relativistic iron K alpha line detection in the Suzaku spectra of IC 4329A
• Suzaku Observation of X-ray Variability in Soft State LMC X-1
• Discovery of a transient X-ray source Suzaku J1305-4930 in NGC 4945
• Nature of the Unidentified TeV Source HESS J1614-518, Revealed by Suzaku and XMM-Newton Observations
• Measurements of the Soft Gamma-ray Emission from SN2014J with Suzaku
• Discovery of Diffuse Hard X-Ray Emission from the Vicinity of PSR J1648-4611 with Suzaku
• Measurement of Charge Cloud Size in X-ray SOI Pixel Sensors
• Sub-MeV Band Observation of a Hard Burst from AXP 1E 1547.0-5408 with the Suzaku Wide-band All-sky Monitor
• Suzaku Observations of the old pulsar wind nebula candidate HESS J1356-645
• Variation of mass accretion rate onto the white dwarf in the dwarf nova VW Hyi in quiescence
• An enigmatic hump around 30 keV in Suzaku spectra of Aquila X-1 in the Hard State
• Origin of the in-orbit instrumental background of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi
• X-ray Eclipse Diagnosis of the Evolving Mass Loss in the Recurrent Nova U Scorpii 2010
• X-ray Development of the Classical Nova V2672 Ophiuchi with Suzaku
• Broad-band spectral analysis of LMXB 2S 0921-63 with Suzaku
• Suzaku Observation of Abell 1555 and Abell 1558: Searching for Non-thermal Emission from Large Scale Structure Formation
• A Search for a Contribution from Axion-Like Particles to the X-Ray Diffuse Background Utilizing the Earth's Magnetic Field
• Suzaku Confirms NGC~3660 is an Unabsorbed Seyfert 2
• Iron emission line from the spiral galaxy M101
• Suzaku and Chandra Observations of CIZA J1700.8$-$3144, a Cluster of Galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance
• Beginning of the Super-Soft Phase of the Classical Nova V2491 Cygni
• XMM-Newton and Suzaku Spectroscopic Studies of Unidentified X-ray Sources towards the Galactic Bulge: 1RXS J180556.1$-$343818 and 1RXS J173905.2$-$392615