Non-Equilibrium Ionization Model for Stellar Cluster Winds and its Application

Abstract

We have developed a self-consistent physical model for super stellar cluster winds based on combining a 1-D steady-state adiabatic wind solution and a non-equilibrium ionization calculation. Comparing with the case of collisional ionization equilibrium, we find that the non-equilibrium ionization effect is significant in the regime of a high ratio of energy to mass input rate and manifests in a stronger soft X-ray flux in the inner region of the star cluster. Implementing the model in X-ray data analysis softwares (e.g., XSPEC) directly facilitates comparisons with X-ray observations. Physical quantities such as the mass and energy input rates of stellar winds can be estimated by fitting observed X-ray spectra. The fitted parameters may then be compared with independent measurements from other wavelengths. Applying our model to the star cluster NGC 3603, we find that the wind accounts for no more than 50% of the total "diffuse" emission, and the derived mass input rate and terminal velocity are comparable to other empirical estimates. The remaining emission most likely originate from numerous low-mass pre-main-sequence stellar objects.

29 pages, 17 figures. accepted by MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (9)

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• The Physics of Star Cluster Formation and Evolution
• Chandra and XMM-Newton Detection of Large-scale Diffuse X-ray Emission from the Sombrero Galaxy
• The Steady State Wind Model for Young Stellar Clusters with an Exponential Stellar Density Distribution
• Young Stellar Clusters with a Schuster Mass Distribution - I: Stationary Winds
• X-ray Signatures of Non-Equilibrium Ionization Effects in Galaxy Cluster Accretion Shock Regions
• Spectroscopic evidence of charge exchange X-ray emission from galaxies
• On the X-ray emission from massive star clusters and their evolving superbubbles II. Detailed analytics and observational effects
• Gravitational and mass distribution effects on stationary superwinds