The H II Region/PDR Connection: Self-Consistent Calculations of Physical Conditions in Star-Forming Regions
arXiv:astro-ph/0506514 · doi:10.1086/432913
Abstract
We have performed a series of calculations designed to reproduce infrared diagnostics used to determine physical conditions in star forming regions. We self-consistently calculate the thermal and chemical structure of an H II region and photodissociation region (PDR) that are in pressure equilibrium. This differs from previous work, which used separate calculations for each gas phase. Our calculations span a wide range of stellar temperatures, gas densities, and ionization parameters. We describe improvements made to the spectral synthesis code Cloudy that made these calculations possible. These include the addition of a molecular network with ~1000 reactions involving 68 molecular species and improved treatment of the grain physics. Data from the Spitzer First Look Survey, along with other archives, are used to derive important physical characteristics of the H II region and PDR. These include stellar temperatures, electron densities, ionization parameters, UV radiation flux, and PDR density. Finally, we calculate the contribution of the H II region to PDR emission line diagnostics, which allows for a more accurate determination of physical conditions in the PDR.
60 pages, 35 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journal. Version with full resolution is available at http://www.pa.uky.edu/~nicholas/hii_pdr_high_res.pdf
References in corpus (21)
- The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
- Structure of Stationary Photodissociation Fronts
- Far Infrared and Submillimeter Emission from Galactic and Extragalactic Photo-Dissociation Regions
- Physical Conditions in Regions of Star Formation
- Photoelectric Emission from Interstellar Dust: Grain Charging and Gas Heating
- Far Infrared Spectroscopy of Normal Galaxies: Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium
- Molecular hydrogen formation in the interstellar medium
- A mid-infrared spectroscopic survey of starburst galaxies: excitation and abundances
- Molecular Hydrogen in Star-forming regions: implementation of its micro-physics in Cloudy
- Non-Equilibrium Photodissociation Regions: Ionization-Dissociation Fronts
- Grain size distributions and photo-electric heating in ionized media
- Mid-Infrared IRS Spectroscopy of NGC 7331: A First Look at the SINGS Legacy
- Theoretical He I Emissivities in the Case B Approximation
- Consequences of Dust in Metal-Rich HII Regions
- Photoevaporation Flows in Blister HII Regions: I. Smooth Ionization Fronts and Application to the Orion Nebula
- Physical Conditions in Orion's Veil
- Physical Conditions in Low Ionization Regions of the Orion Nebula
- Luminosity indicators in dusty photoionized environments
- Accurate Hydrogen Spectral Simulations with a Compact Model Atom
- O stars effective temperature and HII regions ionization parameter gradients in the Galaxy
- Spitzer-IRS mapping of the inner kpc of NGC 253: Spatial distribution of the Ne III, PAH 11.3 microns and H2 (0-0) S(1) lines and a gradient in the Ne III/Ne II line ratio
Cited by in corpus (90)
- Ultraviolet Survey of CO and H_2 in Diffuse Molecular Clouds: The Reflection of Two Photochemistry Regimes in Abundance Relationships
- Modelling the Pan-Spectral Energy Distribution of Starburst Galaxies: IV The Controlling Parameters of the Starburst SED
- A Compendium of Far-Infrared Line and Continuum Emission for 227 Galaxies Observed by the Infrared Space Observatory
- Far-Infrared Line Deficits in Galaxies with Extreme Lfir/MH2 Ratios
- Large Population of ALMA Galaxies at z>6 with Very High [OIII]88um to [CII]158um Flux Ratios: Evidence of Extremely High Ionization Parameter or PDR Deficit?
- Photodissociation and X-Ray Dominated Regions
- Collisional heating as the origin of filament emission in galaxy clusters
- A Magnetically-Supported Photodissociation Region in M17
- 3D-PDR: A new three-dimensional astrochemistry code for treating Photodissociation Regions
- Dust-Bounded ULIRGs? Model Predictions for Infrared Spectroscopic Surveys
- The molecular gas reservoir of 6 low-metallicity galaxies from the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey: A ground-based follow-up survey of CO(1-0), CO(2-1), and CO(3-2)
- The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey: II. Physical conditions, origin of [CII] emission, and porosity of the multiphase low-metallicity ISM
- Orion's Bar: Physical Conditions across the Definitive H+ / H0 / H2 Interface
- ALMA reveals a chemically evolved submillimeter galaxy at z=4.76
- Metallicity Diagnostics with Infrared Fine-Structure Lines
- The nature of the interstellar medium of the starburst low-metallicity galaxy Haro11: a multi-phase model of the infrared emission
- CO line emission from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
- The origin of molecular hydrogen emission in cooling-flow filaments
- The three dimensional dynamic structure of the inner Orion Nebula
- The nebular emission of star-forming galaxies in a hierarchical universe
- [Ne V] Emission in Optically Classified Starbursts
- Spatial variation of the cooling lines in the Orion Bar from Herschel/PACS
- A clumpy-cloud PDR model of the global far-infrared line emission of the Milky Way
- A dense, solar metallicity ISM in the z=4.2 dusty star-forming galaxy SPT0418-47
- The Molecular Interstellar Medium of the Local Group Dwarf NGC6822
- The Herschel M33 extended survey (HerM33es): PACS spectroscopy of the star forming region BCLMP 302
- On the far-infrared metallicity diagnostics: applications to high-redshift galaxies
- Full SED fitting with the KOSMA-τ PDR code - I. Dust modelling
- Sensitivity of PDR Calculations to Microphysical Details
- The H+ Region Contribution to [C II] 158 Micron Emission
- C+ Emission from the Magellanic Clouds II. [CII] maps of star-forming regions LMC-N 11, SMC-N 66, and several others
- On the enhanced cosmic-ray ionization rate in the diffuse cloud towards Zeta Persei
- SPT 0538-50: Physical conditions in the ISM of a strongly lensed dusty star-forming galaxy at z=2.8
- WARPFIELD-EMP: The Self-Consistent Prediction of Emission Lines from Evolving HII Regions in Dense Molecular Clouds
- Physical Conditoins in Orion's Veil II: A Multi-Component Study of the Line of Sight Toward the Trapezium
- RAMSES-RTZ: Non-Equilibrium Metal Chemistry and Cooling Coupled to On-The-Fly Radiation Hydrodynamics
- ALMA will determine the spectroscopic redshift z>8 with FIR [O III] emission lines
- TORUS-3DPDR: A self-consistent code treating three-dimensional photoionization and photodissociation regions
- Rotationally Warm Molecular Hydrogen in the Orion Bar
- Synthetic observations of star formation and the interstellar medium
- Radiative transfer meets Bayesian statistics: where does a galaxy's [CII] emission come from?
- Lyα emission from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
- Herschel-PACS observations of [OI]63um towards submillimetre galaxies at z~1
- Velocity resolved [CII], [CI], and CO observations of the N159 star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud: a complex velocity structure and variation of the column densities
- A Far-Infrared Spectral Sequence of Galaxies: Trends and Models
- Pumping up the [N I] nebular lines
- Modeling ionized gas in low-metallicity environments: the Local Group dwarf galaxy IC10
- A Cometary Bow Shock and Mid-Infrared Emission Variations Revealed in Spitzer Observations of HD 34078 and IC 405
- A Survey of Irradiated Pillars, Globules, and Jets in the Carina Nebul
- Physical conditions in the ISM towards HD185418
- Merged ionization/dissociation fronts in planetary nebulae
- Optically Thick [O I] and [C II] Emission Towards NGC 6334 A
- Detection of a large fraction of atomic gas not associated with star-forming material in M17 SW
- The dusty Nebula surrounding HR Car: a Spitzer view
- PNe and H II regions in the starburst irregular galaxy NGC 4449 from LBT MODS data
- Bridging Optical and Far-Infrared Emission-Line Diagrams of Galaxies from Local to the Epoch of Reionization: Characteristic High [O III] 88 /SFR at
- Tracing the [FeII]/[NeII] ratio and its relationship with other ISM indicators within star forming dwarf galaxies: a Spitzer IRS archival study
- The KOSMA- PDR Model -- I. Recent updates to the numerical model of photo-dissociated regions
- [CII] line emission from Orion A. I. A template for extragalactic studies?
- Physical conditions in three high-z H2-bearing DLAs: implications for grain size
- [C II] and [N II] from dense ionized regions in the Galaxy
- The outflow of gas from the Centaurus A circumnuclear disk: atomic spectral line maps from Herschel-PACS and APEX
- Modeling the physical properties in the ISM of the low-metallicity galaxy NGC4214
- The Effects of Doubly Ionized Chemistry on SH+ and S^+2 Abundances in X-ray Dominated Regions
- Probing the baryon cycle of galaxies with SPICA mid- and far-infrared observations
- The Energetics of Molecular Gas in NGC 891 from H2 and FIR Spectroscopy
- Sagittarius B1 -- A Patchwork of H II Regions and PhotoDissociation Regions
- Si and Fe depletion in Galactic star-forming regions observed by the Spitzer Space Telescope
- Magnetic Field Strengths in Photodissociation Regions
- The Dense Warm Ionized Medium in the Inner Galaxy
- The validity of 21 cm spin temperature as a kinetic temperature indicator in atomic and molecular gas
- Warm ISM in the Sgr A Complex. I: Mid-J CO, atomic carbon, ionized atomic carbon,and ionized nitrogen sub-mm/FIR line observations with the Herschel-HIFI and NANTEN2/SMART telescopes
- Ionized gas in the Scutum spiral arm as traced in [N II] and [C II]
- A recent update of gas-phase chemical reactions and molecular lines in CLOUDY: its effects on millimeter and sub-millimeter molecular line predictions
- A PDR model for the FIR mid- CO ladder with universal rotational temperature in star forming region
- Radiative transfer of ionizing radiation through gas and dust: grain charging in star forming regions
- A puzzling non-detection of [O III] and [C II] from a galaxy observed with ALMA
- A Hydrochemical Hybrid Code for Astrophysical Problems. I. Code Verification and Benchmarks for Photon-Dominated Region (PDR)
- Infrared spectroscopy of intermediate mass young stellar objects
- Dwarf Galaxies: Their Low Metallicity Interstellar Medium
- Determining the H+ Region/PDR Equation of State in Star Forming Regions
- The Physical Characteristics of Interstellar Medium in NGC 3665 with Herschel Observations
- Observations of Ly Emitters at High Redshift
- Trapping of the HII and Photodissociation Region in a Radially Stratified Molecular Cloud
- Metallic species in interstellar medium: Astrochemical modeling
- The nature of G52.381-0.849 and G56.240-0.345: young stellar objects associated with extended mid-infrared emission?
- PDR Emission from the Arched-Filaments and Nearby Positions
- Far-infrared line and dust emission from H II regions and photodissociation regions
- Infrared view of the multiphase ISM in NGC 253 II. Modelling the ionised and neutral atomic gas
- Uncovering the absorbed atomic Universe with the [OI]63um line