Exoplanets imaging with a Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Coronagraph - I. Principle

Abstract

Using 2 aspheric mirrors, it is possible to apodize a telescope beam without losing light or angular resolution: the output beam is produced by ``remapping'' the entrance beam to produce the desired light intensity distribution in a new pupil. We present the Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization Coronagraph (PIAAC) concept, which uses this technique, and we show that it allows efficient direct imaging of extrasolar terrestrial planets with a small-size telescope in space. The suitability of the PIAAC for exoplanet imaging is due to a unique combination of achromaticity, small inner working angle (about 1.5 $\lambda /d$), high throughput, high angular resolution and large field of view. 3D geometrical raytracing is used to investigate the off-axis aberrations of PIAAC configurations, and show that a field of view of more than 100 $\lambda /d$ in radius is available thanks to the correcting optics of the PIAAC. Angular diameter of the star and tip-tilt errors can be compensated for by slightly increasing the size of the occulting mask in the focal plane, with minimal impact on the system performance. Earth-size planets at 10 pc can be detected in less than 30s with a 4m telescope. Wavefront quality requirements are similar to classical techniques.

35 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (5)

• Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization of Telescope Pupils for Extrasolar Terrestrial Planet Imaging
• Circularly Symmetric Apodization via Starshaped Masks
• Two-Mirror Apodization for High-Contrast Imaging
• Snapshot coronagraphy with an interferometer in space
• A Nulling Wide Field Imager for Exoplanets Detection and General Astrophysics

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