Spectra and Diagnostics for the Direct Detection of Wide-Separation Extrasolar Giant Planets

Abstract

We calculate as a function of orbital distance, mass, and age the theoretical spectra and orbit-averaged planet/star flux ratios for representative wide-separation extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) in the optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared. Stellar irradiation of the planet's atmosphere and the effects of water and ammonia clouds are incorporated and handled in a consistent fashion. We include predictions for 12 specific known EGPs. In the process, we derive physical diagnostics that can inform the direct EGP detection and remote sensing programs now being planned or proposed. Furthermore, we calculate the effects of irradiation on the spectra of a representative companion brown dwarf as a function of orbital distance.

arXiv commentsubmitted to the Astrophysical Journal, 19 pages, 11 color figures

References in corpus (23)

• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star
• A Non-Gray Theory of Extrasolar Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs
• Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere
• The Theory of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Theoretical Transmission Spectra During Extrasolar Giant Planet Transits
• HST Time-Series Photometry of the Transiting Planet of HD 209458
• Chemical Equilibrium Abundances in Brown Dwarf and Extrasolar Giant Planet Atmospheres
• A Possible Bifurcation in Atmospheres of Strongly Irradiated Stars and Planets
• Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Photometric Light Curves and Polarization of Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Reflected Spectra and Albedos of Extrasolar Giant Planets I: Clear and Cloudy Atmospheres
• Beyond the T Dwarfs: Theoretical Spectra, Colors, and Detectability of the Coolest Brown Dwarfs
• Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets
• A Planetary Companion to the Nearby M4 Dwarf, Gliese 876
• The Near-Infrared and Optical Spectra of Methane Dwarfs and Brown Dwarfs
• Changing Face of the Extrasolar Giant Planet, HD 209458b
• A Mass for the Extrasolar Planet Gl 876b Determined from Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor 3 Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities
• Extrasolar Giant Planets under Strong Stellar Irradiation
• A Theory for the Radius of the Transiting Giant Planet HD 209458b
• On the Indirect Detection of Sodium in the Atmosphere of the Planetary Companion to HD 209458
• Two New Candidate Planets in Eccentric Orbits
• Probing Dark Matter

Cited by in corpus (63)

• Theoretical Spectra and Light Curves of Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets and Comparison with Data
• Theoretical Spectral Models of the Planet HD 209458b with a Thermal Inversion and Water Emission Bands
• Water Clouds in Y Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• The Extrasolar Planet epsilon Eridani b - Orbit and Mass
• Theory for the Secondary Eclipse Fluxes, Spectra, Atmospheres, and Light Curves of Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Exoplanet albedo spectra and colors as a function of planet phase, separation, and metallicity
• The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets
• A novel L-band imaging search for giant planets in the Tucana and Beta Pictoris moving groups
• Double-blind test program for astrometric planet detection with Gaia
• Speckle noise and dynamic range in coronagraphic images
• A theoretical look at the direct detection of giant planets outside the Solar System
• Spectra as Windows into Exoplanet Atmospheres
• High-Contrast Observations in Optical and Infrared Astronomy
• Astrometry and Photometry with Coronagraphs
• Astrometric Detection of Giant Planets Around Nearby M Dwarfs: The Gaia Potential
• Phase Functions and Light Curves of Wide Separation Extrasolar Giant Planets
• Highlights in the Study of Exoplanet Atmospheres
• Optical Albedo Theory of Strongly-Irradiated Giant Planets: The Case of HD 209458b
• Very high contrast IFU spectroscopy of AB Doradus C: 9 mag contrast at 0.2" without a coronagraph using spectral deconvolution
• Exoplanet Classification and Yield Estimates for Direct Imaging Missions
• A Jupiter-like Planet Orbiting the Nearby M Dwarf GJ832
• Characterizing Rocky and Gaseous Exoplanets with 2-meter Class Space-based Coronagraphs
• Theoretical Interpretation of the Measurements of the Secondary Eclipses of TrES-1 and HD209458b
• Multiepoch Radial Velocity Observations of L Dwarfs
• First On-Sky High Contrast Imaging with an Apodizing Phase Plate
• BIGRE: a low cross-talk integral field unit tailored for extrasolar planets imaging spectroscopy
• Developing Atmospheric Retrieval Methods for Direct Imaging Spectroscopy of Gas Giants in Reflected Light I: Methane Abundances and Basic Cloud Properties
• The Center of Light: Spectroastrometric Detection of Exomoons
• Resolving the hot dust around HD69830 and eta Corvi with MIDI and VISIR
• Spitzer/IRAC Limits to Planetary Companions of Fomalhaut and epsilon Eridani
• The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650
• Cool Customers in the Stellar Graveyard II: Limits to Substellar Objects Around Nearby DAZ White Dwarfs
• Exoplanet Chemistry
• Discovery of a Magnetic White Dwarf/Probable Brown Dwarf Short-Period Binary
• Cool Customers in the Stellar Graveyard I: Limits to Extrasolar Planets Around the White Dwarf G29-38
• A New Sedimentation Model for Greater Cloud Diversity in Giant Exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs
• Atmospheric Retrieval for Direct Imaging Spectroscopy of Gas Giants In Reflected Light II: Orbital Phase and Planetary Radius
• Introduction to stellar coronagraphy
• The Direct Detectability of Giant Exoplanets in the Optical
• Thermal escape from extrasolar giant planets
• ExoReL${}^{\Re }$: A Bayesian Inverse Retrieval Framework For Exoplanetary Reflected Light Spectra
• Characterization of Exoplanet Atmospheres with the Optical Coronagraph on WFIRST
• The mass of planet GJ676A b from ground-based astrometry: A planetary system with two mature gas giants suitable for direct imaging
• Reflected Light Curves, Spherical and Bond Albedos of Jupiter- and Saturn-like Exoplanets
• Finding the Needles in the Haystacks: High-Fidelity Models of the Modern and Archean Solar System for Simulating Exoplanet Observations
• Information in the Reflected Light Spectra of Widely Separated Giant Exoplanets
• Exploring H${}_2$O Prominence in Reflection Spectra of Cool Giant Planets
• Fabrication tolerant chalcogenide mid-infrared multimode interference coupler design with application for Bracewell nulling interferometry
• Spiders in Lyot Coronagraphs
• High contrast experiment of an AO-free coronagraph with a checkerboard pupil mask
• Laboratory Experiment of Checkerboard Pupil Mask Coronagraph
• Searching for Planets Orbiting Alpha Centauri A with the James Webb Space Telescope
• Multi-orbital-phase and multi-band characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres with reflected light spectra
• Prospects for Directly Imaging Young Giant Planets at Optical Wavelengths
• Near-infrared photometry of WISE J085510.74$-$071442.5
• Gemini/GMOS Transmission Spectroscopy of the Grazing Planet Candidate WD 1856+534 b
• Detecting Extrasolar Planets with Integral Field Spectroscopy
• SPICA infrared coronagraph for the direct observation of exo-planets
• Simulating Reflected Light Exoplanet Spectra of the Promising Direct Imaging Target, $\upsilon$ Andromedae d, with a New, Fast Sampling Method Using the Planetary Spectrum Generator
• Can We Probe the Atmospheric Composition of an Extrasolar Planet from its Reflection Spectrum in a High-Magnification Microlensing Event?
• A dayside thermal inversion in the atmosphere of WASP-19b
• Studies of Expolanets and Solar Systems with SPICA
• Spectrum and atmosphere models of irradiated transiting extrasolar giant planets