A Unified Model of Short and Long Gamma-Ray Bursts, X-Ray Rich Gamma-Ray Bursts, and X-Ray Flashes

Abstract

Taking into account the recent suggestion that a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) looks like the first 1 sec of a long GRB, we propose that the jet of a GRB consists of multiple sub-jets or sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The multiplicity of the sub-jets along a line of sight n_s is an important parameter. If n_s is large (>> 1) the event looks like a long GRB, while if n_s is small (~1) the event looks like a short GRB. If our line of sight is off-axis to any sub-jets, the event looks like an X-ray flash or an X-ray rich GRB. The log-normal distribution of durations of short and long GRBs are also suggested in the same model.

arXiv comment13 pages, 4 eps figures

References in corpus (36)

• Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei
• Intrinsic spectra and energetics of BeppoSAX Gamma-Ray Bursts with known redshifts
• Theories of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• GRB Formation Rates inferred from the Spectral Peak Energy - Luminosity Relation
• The Observed Offset Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts from Their Host Galaxies: A Robust Clue to the Nature of the Progenitors
• The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog (Revised)
• Afterglow lightcurves, viewing angle and the jet structure of gamma-ray bursts
• GRB Energetics and the GRB Hubble Diagram: Promises and Limitations
• Off-Axis Afterglow Emission from Jetted Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A Common Origin for Cosmic Explosions Inferred from Fireball Calorimetry
• Gamma-ray burst beaming: a universal configuration with a standard energy reservoir?
• Events in the life of a cocoon surrounding a light, collapsar jet
• The Evolution of a Structured Relativistic Jet and GRB Afterglow Light-Curves
• Peak Luminosity-Spectral Lag Relation Caused by the Viewing Angle of the Collimated Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Quasi-universal Gaussian jets: a unified picture for gamma-ray bursts and X-ray flashes
• Extremely hard GRB spectra prune down the forest of emission models
• Pulse Width Evolution in GRBs: Evidence for Internal Shocks
• X-ray Flashes from Off-axis Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Energetics and Luminosity Function of Gamma-ray Bursts
• Rebrightening of XRF 030723: further evidence for a two-component jet in gamma-ray burst
• Variability in GRB Afterglows and GRB 021004
• A very low luminosity X-ray flash: XMM-Newton observations of GRB 031203
• An Off-Axis Jet Model For GRB980425 and Low Energy Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Peak Energy-Isotropic Energy Relation in the Off-Axis Gamma-Ray Burst Model
• Highlights of the HETE-2 Mission
• Scientific Highlights of the HETE-2 Mission
• Cosmological X-ray Flashes in the Off-Axis Jet Model
• 'On the difference between the short and long gamma-ray bursts'
• Afterglow upper limits for four short duration, hard spectrum gamma-ray bursts
• On the Structure of Quasi-Universal Jets for Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Modeling Fluctuations in the GRB-Afterglow Light Curves
• Multiple Sub-Jet Model of Gamma Ray Bursts and Possible Origin of X-ray Precursors and Post-cursors
• BATSE Observations of Fast X-ray Transients Detected by BeppoSAX-WFC
• Possible Origin of Lognormal Distributions in Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Delayed Flashes from Counter Jets of Gamma Ray Bursts
• Observational constraints on the afterglow of GRB 020531

Cited by in corpus (63)

• Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Physical processes shaping GRB X-ray afterglow lightcurves: theoretical implications from the Swift XRT observations
• The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
• Discerning the physical origins of cosmological Gamma-ray bursts based on multiple observational criteria: the cases of z=6.7 GRB 080913, z=8.3 GRB 090423, and some short/hard GRBs
• Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Swift Era
• The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst GRB 050709
• GRB Radiative Efficiencies Derived from the Swift Data: GRBs vs. XRFs, Long vs. Short
• Variabilities of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Long-acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet or Many Fluctuating Regions?
• Neutrino-dominated accretion flows as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts
• GRB 050509B: Constraints on short gamma-ray burst models
• The peculiar short-duration GRB 200826A and its supernova
• Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission Light Curves and Power Density Spectra in the ICMART Model
• Global Properties of X-Ray Flashes and X-Ray-Rich Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by Swift
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of MHD Turbulence Behind Relativistic Shock Waves and Their Implications for GRBs
• Epeak estimator for Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope
• Collimated Jet or Expanding Outflow: Possible Origins of GRBs and X-Ray Flashes
• Late-time Evolution of Afterglows from Off-Axis Neutron-Star Mergers
• Afterglow Observations Shed New Light on the Nature of X-ray Flashes
• Evidence of Exponential Decay Emission in the Swift Gamma-ray Bursts
• Temporal Profiles and Spectral Lags of XRF 060218
• An analysis of the durations of Swift Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Evidence for a Supernova Associated with the X-ray Flash 020903
• Constraining the magnetic field structure in collisionless relativistic shocks with a radio afterglow polarization upper limit in GW170817
• Gravitational Wave Memory of Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
• Thick fireballs and the steep decay in the early X-ray afterglow of gamma-ray bursts
• Confirmation of the $\eps$ -- $\eiso$ (Amati) relation from the X-ray flash XRF 050416A observed by Swift/BAT
• On the nature of X-Ray Flashes
• Ep-Eiso Correlation in a Multiple Subjet Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Proton-synchrotron as the radiation mechanism of the prompt emission of GRBs?
• Tail Emission of Prompt Gamma-Ray Burst Jets
• Off-axis jet scenario for early afterglow emission of low-luminosity gamma-ray burst GRB 190829A
• The Importance of Off-Jet Relativistic Kinematics in Gamma-Ray Burst Jet Models
• The detection of Quasinormal Mode of Pop III Binary Black Hole merger with final $M\sim 60M_{\odot }$ and $a/M\sim 0.7$ would confirm the strong gravity space-time around $\sim 2M$ which is only $\sim 1.17$ times the event horizon radius
• Study of Very Short GRB: New Results from BATSE and KONUS
• Go Long, Go Deep: Finding Optical Jet Breaks for Swift-Era GRBs with the LBT
• Evidence for a long duration component in the prompt emission of short Gamma-Ray Bursts detected with BeppoSAX
• X-raying extended emission and rapid decay of short gamma-ray bursts
• Swift observations of the prompt X-ray emission and afterglow from GRB050126 and GRB050219A
• Optical afterglows of short Gamma-ray Bursts and GRB 040924
• Variabilities of Gamma-ray Bursts from Black Hole Hyper-accretion Disks
• Extended GeV-TeV Emission around Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants, and the Case of W49B
• Smoke and Mirrors: Signal-to-Noise and Time-Reversed Structures in Gamma-Ray Burst Pulse Light Curves
• Very early multi-color observations of the plateau phase of GRB 041006 afterglow
• A Possible Origin of Bimodal Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Coherence scale of magnetic fields generated in early-time forward shocks of GRBs
• Gravitational Wave Memory from the Relativistic Jet of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Probing the Structure of Gamma-Ray Burst Jets with Steep Decay Phase of their Early X-ray Afterglows
• Prospects of LIGO for constraining inclination of merging compact binaries associated with three-dimensionally localized short-hard GRBs
• A Universal Central Engine Hypothesis for Short and Long GRBs
• Systematic study of the peak energy of the broad-band Gamma-Ray Burst
• Electron to selectron pair conversion in a SUSY bubble
• On the origin of bimodal duration distribution of Gamma Ray Bursts
• Detection of short high-energy transients in the localuniverse with SVOM/ECLAIRs
• How unusual is XRF 060218 ?
• Steep Decay Phase Shaped by the Curvature Effect. II. Spectral Evolution
• A supersymmetric model of gamma ray bursts
• HETE-2 Observations of the X-Ray Flash XRF 040916
• A Unified Model of the Prompt Optical Emission of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Photospheric Emission in Gamma-ray Bursts: Variability
• Toward an inner connection of SNe Ic, SLSNe Ic, XRF connected SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and GRB connected SNe
• X-ray Lines in Gamma-ray Bursts and Cerenkov Line Mechanism
• Gravitational Radiation from Accelerating Jets
• Revisiting early afterglows of gamma-ray bursts with finite-thickness ejecta: Implications from XRF 080330 and GRB 080710