Powerful jets from black hole X-ray binaries in Low/Hard X-ray states

Abstract

Four persistent (Cygnus X-1, GX 339-4, GRS 1758-258 and 1E 1740.7-2942) and three transient (GS 2023+38, GRO J0422+32 and GS 1354-64) black hole X-ray binary systems have been extensively observed at radio wavelengths during extended periods in the Low/Hard X-ray state, which is characterised in X-rays by a hard power-law spectrum and strong variability. All seven systems show a persistent flat or inverted (in the sense that spectral index alpha >= 0) radio spectrum in this state, markedly different from the optically thin radio spectra exhibited by most X-ray transients within days of outburst. Furthermore, in none of the systems is a high-frequency cut-off to this spectral component detected, and there is evidence that it extends to near-infrared or optical regimes. Luminous persistent hard X-ray states in the black hole system GRS 1915+105 produce a comparable spectrum. This spectral component is considered to arise in synchrotron emission from a conical, partially self-absorbed jet, of the same genre as those originally considered for Active Galactic Nuclei. Whatever the physical origin of the Low/Hard X-ray states, these self-similar outflows are an ever-present feature. The power in the jet component is likely to be a significant (> 5%) and approximately fixed fraction of the total accretion luminosity. The correlation between hard X-ray and synchrotron emission in all the sources implies that the jets are intimately related to the Comptonisation process, and do not have very large bulk Lorentz factors, unless the hard X-ray emission is also beamed by the same factor.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Revised version with new Fig 5/Table A1 and other minor corrections

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• Effects of precession versus instabilities on the jets of GRS 1758-258
• ALMA discovery of Punctum -- a highly polarized mm source in nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 4945
• Galactic X-ray binary jets
• A Simplified Model of ADAF with the Jet Driven by the Large-Scale Magnetic Field
• Tracking optical variability and outflows across the accretion states of the black hole transient MAXI J1820+070
• Imaging and Spectral Fitting of Bright Gamma-ray Sources with the COSI Balloon Payload
• On the origin of core radio emissions from black hole sources in the realm of relativistic shocked accretion flow
• Rapid far-infrared spectral timing of X-ray binaries with PRIMA
• Astrometry of variable compact radio sources: A search for Galactic black hole X-ray binaries
• The black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1348$-$630 in quiescence