Evolution of Buoyant Bubbles in M87

Abstract

The morphology of the X-ray and radio emitting features in the central $\sim$ 50 kpc region around the galaxy M87 strongly suggests that buoyant bubbles of cosmic rays (inflated by an earlier nuclear active phase of the galaxy) rise through the cooling gas at roughly half the sound speed. In the absence of strong surface tension, initially spherical bubbles will transform into tori as they rise through an external medium. Such structures can be identified in the radio images of the halo of M87. During their rise, bubbles will uplift relatively cool X-ray emitting gas from the central regions of the cooling flow to larger distances. This gas is colder than the ambient gas and has a higher volume emissivity. As a result, rising ``radio'' bubbles may be trailed by elongated X-ray features as indeed is observed in M87. We performed simple hydrodynamic simulations to qualitatively illustrate the evolution of buoyant bubbles in the M87 environment.

20 pages, 11 figures, ApJ accepted

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• AGN Feedback in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies
• Hot and cold bubbles in M87
• The Thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect from Massive, Quiescent 0.5 $\le$ z $\le$ 1.5 Galaxies
• Convection in galaxy-cluster plasmas driven by active galactic nuclei and cosmic-ray buoyancy
• Braginskii viscosity on an unstructured, moving mesh accelerated with super-time-stepping
• HST-COS Spectroscopy of the Cooling Flow in Abell 1795 - Evidence for Inefficient Star Formation in Condensing Intracluster Gas
• EAGLE-like simulation models do not solve the entropy core problem in groups and clusters of galaxies
• The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of simulated jet-inflated bubbles in clusters
• Morphology of flows and buoyant bubbles in the Virgo cluster
• The propagation of choked jet outflows in power-law external media
• Chemical enrichment of the intracluster medium by FR II radio sources
• Creation of X-ray Holes with Cool Rims in Cooling Flows
• A High-Abundance Arc in the Compact Group of Galaxies HCG 62: An AGN- or Merger-Induced Metal Outflow?
• Creation of X-ray cavities in galaxy clusters with cosmic rays
• Jets, Bubbles, and Heat Pumps in Galaxy Clusters
• A Phenomenological Model for the Intracluster Medium that matches X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations
• On the Interaction of the PKS B1358-113 Radio Galaxy with the Abell 1836 Cluster
• Probing of the Interactions Between the Hot Plasmas and Galaxies in Clusters from z=0.1 to 0.9
• Radio Galaxy Zoo: Observational evidence for environment as the cause of radio source asymmetry
• Galactic winds - How to launch galactic outflows in typical Lyman-break galaxies
• Environmental Dependence of Self-Regulating Black-hole Feedback in Massive Galaxies
• Structure of magnetic fields in intracluster cavities
• Merging cold front and AGN feedback in the peculiar galaxy cluster Abell 2626
• Searching for FUV line emission from $10^7$ K gas in massive elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters as a tracer of turbulent velocities
• Multiple shock fronts in RBS 797: the Chandra window on shock heating in galaxy clusters
• AGN feedback and iron enrichment in the powerful radio galaxy, 4C+55.16
• All Curled Up: A Numerical Investigation of Shock-Bubble Interactions and the Role of Vortices in Heating Galaxy Clusters
• Evolution of the Most Massive Galaxies to z ~ 0.6: II. The link between radio AGN activity and star formation
• Metal Abundances in the ICM as a Diagnostics of the Cluster History
• A Heating Mechanism via Magnetic Pumping in the Intracluster Medium
• Metal-rich trailing outflows uplifted by AGN bubbles in galaxy clusters
• Black holes, cuspy atmospheres, and galaxy formation
• The complex interplay of AGN jet-inflated bubbles and the intracluster medium
• AGN feedback duty cycle in Planck SZ selected clusters using Chandra observations
• Multiwavelength view of SPT-CL J2106-5844. The radio galaxies and the thermal and relativistic plasmas in a massive galaxy cluster merger at z~1.13
• XRISM Observation of the Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster: Quiescent Velocity Structure in the Dynamically Disturbed Core
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: View of the Virgo Cluster
• FUV line emission, gas kinematics, and discovery of [Fe XXI] $\lambda$1354.1 in the sightline towards a filament in M87
• X-ray Diagnostics of Thermal Conditions of the Hot Plasmas in the Centaurus Cluster
• Heating and enriching the intracluster medium
• Revealing a Highly-Dynamic Cluster Core in Abell 1664 with Chandra
• Radial structure, inflow & central mass of stationary radiative galaxy clusters
• Sound wave generation by a spherically symmetric outburst and AGN feedback in galaxy clusters II: impact of thermal conduction
• Mechanical heating by active galaxies
• Simulations of Hot Bubbles in the ICM
• Dynamical analysis of strong-lensing galaxy groups at intermediate redshift
• Uplifted cool gas and heating by mixing in cooling flows
• Selecting and Modelling Remnant AGNs with Limited Spectral Coverage
• Chandra observations of dying radio sources in galaxy clusters
• Temperature Profiles of Hot Gas In Early Type Galaxies
• Extreme jet bending on kiloparsec scales : the 'doughnut' in NGC 6109
• Consequences of dark matter self-annihilation for galaxy formation
• The Distribution and Condition of the Warm Molecular Gas in Abell 2597 and Sersic 159-03
• Chemical enrichment of the ICM within the Virgo cluster I: radial profiles
• Chandra observations of the galaxy group AWM 5: cool core re-heating and thermal conduction suppression
• A diffuse bubble-like radio-halo source MRC 0116+111: imprint of AGN feedback in a low-mass cluster of galaxies
• A Multiwavelength Study of the Massive Cool Core Cluster MACS J1447.4+0827
• Thermally Unstable Cooling Stimulated by Uplift: The Spoiler Clusters
• Production Efficiencies of Sound Waves in the Intracluster Medium Driven by AGN Jets
• Chandra Observation of 3C288 - Reheating the Cool Core of a 3 keV Cluster from a Nuclear Outburst at z = 0.246
• AGN effect on cooling flow dynamics
• AGN feedback in the FR II galaxy 3C 220.1
• Magnetohydrodynamic relaxation of AGN ejecta: radio bubbles in the intracluster medium
• Dynamics and Morphology of Cold Gas in Fast, Radiatively Cooling Outflows: Constraining AGN Energetics with Horseshoes
• Constraints on precipitation-limited hot halos from massive galaxies to galaxy clusters
• A Numerical Study of the Impact of Jet Magnetic Topology on Radio Galaxy Evolution
• Abundance profiles in cooling-core clusters: a fossil record of past AGN-driven convection?
• Non-thermal filaments and AGN recurrent activity in the galaxy group Nest200047: a LOFAR, uGMRT, MeerKAT, VLA radio spectral analysis
• Radio synchrotron spectra for a leaky box approximation
• Stormy weather in 3C 196.1: nuclear outbursts and merger events shape the environment of the hybrid radio galaxy 3C 196.1
• Cosmic dance in the Shapley Concentration Core II. The uGMRT-MeerKAT view of filaments in the brightest cluster galaxies and tailed radio galaxies in the A3528 cluster complex
• Revealing the Faraday Depth Structure of Radio Galaxy NGC 612 with Broad-Band Radio Polarimetric Observations
• Quasi-hydrostatic intracluster gas under radiative cooling
• Discovery of a Powerful >10^61 erg AGN Outburst in Distant Galaxy Cluster SPT-CLJ0528-5300
• Increased Prevalence of Bent Lobes for Double-Lobed Radio Galaxies in Dense Environments
• Rapidly varying accretion and AGN feedback
• A metal-rich elongated structure in the core of the group NGC4325
• Probing the circumnuclear environment of NGC1275 with High-Resolution X-ray spectroscopy
• Chandra Imaging of the Outer Accretion Flow onto the Black Hole at the Center of the Perseus Cluster
• Cosmic Feedback from AGN
• A Simple Measurement of Turbulence in Cores of Galaxy Clusters
• A Massive, Clumpy Molecular Gas Distribution and Displaced AGN in Zw 3146
• Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87
• Active Galaxies and Cluster Gas
• Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. I. Optical Identifications
• On the Relationship between Cooling Flows and Bubbles
• Hyenas: X-ray Bubbles and Cavities in the Intra-Group Medium
• X-ray cavities in the hot corona of the lenticular galaxy NGC~4477
• Evidence of Extended Dust and Feedback around z$\approx$1 Quiescent Galaxies via Millimeter Observations
• Confinement and diffusion time-scales of CR hadrons in AGN-inflated bubbles
• Synchrotron Self-Comptonized Emission of Low Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons in the Universe: I) Individual Sources
• How the cool-core population transitions from galaxy groups to massive clusters: A comparison of the largest Magneticum simulation with eROSITA, XMM-Newton, Chandra and LOFAR observations
• 2-D Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Induced Plasma Dynamics in the Near-Core Region of a Galaxy Cluster
• Dynamics of rising magnetized cavities and UHECR acceleration in clusters of galaxies
• Compressible flow in front of an axisymmetric blunt object: analytic approximation and astrophysical implications
• AGN activity and IGM heating in fossil cluster RX J1416.4+2315
• Feedback in the merging galaxy group NGC6338
• Parker/buoyancy instabilities with anisotropic thermal conduction, cosmic rays, and arbitrary magnetic field strength
• Effects of Anisotropic Viscosity on the Evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei Bubbles in Galaxy Clusters
• CosmoDRAGoN simulations -- I. Dynamics and observable signatures of radio jets in cosmological environments
• Extended Line Emission in the BCG of Abell 2390
• AGN feedback with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and implications for cluster physics and cosmology
• Dynamics of AGN feedback in the X-ray bright East and Southwest arms of M87, mapped by XRISM
• Magnetic fields and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters
• A Study of the Merger History of the Galaxy Group HCG 62 Based on X-Ray Observations and SPH Simulations
• Spectroscopic study of the [OIII]$\lambda$5007 profile in Seyfert 1 galaxies
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Black Holes: Current Status and Future Prospects
• Stabilizing effect of magnetic helicity on magnetic cavities in the intergalactic medium
• Chandra view of Abell 407: the central compact group of galaxies and the interaction between the radio AGN and the ICM
• The ViCTORIA project: description of a multi-frequency radio survey of the Virgo galaxy cluster
• Heating of the intracluster medium by buoyant bubbles and sound waves
• On the requirement for mixing-heating to utilize bubble cosmic rays to heat the intracluster medium
• The radio source in Abell 980: A Detached-Double-Double Radio Galaxy?
• Cooling and Clusters: When Is Heating Needed?
• Detection of a radio-filled X-ray cavity within the interstellar medium of NGC 5141
• EUV excess in the inner Virgo cluster
• The first high-redshift cavity power measurements of cool-core galaxy clusters with the International LOFAR Telescope
• Gravo-thermodynamics of the Intracluster Medium: negative heat capacity and dilation of cooling time scales
• Scattering of emission lines in galaxy cluster cores: measuring electron temperature
• Jet-driven bubbles in Fanaroff-Riley type I sources
• Probing the Physics of Mechanical AGN Feedback with Radial Elongations of X-ray Cavities
• The strongest cool core in REXCESS: Missing X-ray cavities in RXC J2014.8-2430
• A Swift X-ray view of the SMS4 sample -- II: X-ray properties of 17 bright radio sources
• Gravitational and distributed heating effects of a cD galaxy on the hydrodynamical structure of its host cluster
• Fast and "lossless" propagation of relativistic electrons along magnetized non-thermal filaments in galaxy clusters and the Galactic Center region
• Powerful yet lonely: Is 3C 297 a high-redshift fossil group?
• Implications of the mild gas motion found with Hitomi in the core of the Perseus cluster
• X-ray Halos around Massive Galaxies: Data and Theory
• Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the merging cluster of galaxies PLCK G036.7+14.9
• The Multi-Epoch Jet Outbursts in Abell 496: synchrotron ageing and buoyant X-ray cavities draped by warm gas filaments
• Self-similar collapse with cooling and heating in an expanding universe
• Cool-core, X-ray cavities and cold front revealed in RXCJ0352.9+1941 cluster by Chandra and GMRT observations
• Ranking Theoretical Supernovae Explosion Models from Observations of the Intracluster Gas
• Testing the Limits of AGN Feedback and the Onset of Thermal Instability in the Most Rapidly Star Forming Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• Simulating the Hot X-ray Emitting Gas in Elliptical Galaxies
• Heating a Distant Galaxy Cluster by Giant X-ray Cavities and Large-Scale Shock Fronts
• The Chemical and Thermal Structure of the Hot Atmosphere of the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 5813
• The complex intracluster medium of Abell 1569 and its interaction with central radio galaxies
• The mass-dependent interplay of active galacitc nuclei and supernova feedback in shaping the $L_{\mathrm{X}}$--$T$ relation of early-type galaxies
• The splash beneath the largest radio bubble in a cluster core
• Star Formation Histories and Stellar Dynamics in the Central Galaxies of RX J0820.9+0752, A1835, and PKS 0745-191
• High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of clusters of galaxies
• The Difficulty of the Heating of Cluster Cooling Flows by Sound Waves and Weak Shocks
• Observations of AGN-driven feedback: dynamics and ionization of the filaments in M87