The Anisotropy of Thermal Activation Energy of 2H-NbS${}_2$

Abstract

We investigate the anisotropic flux dynamics in 2H-NbS${}_2$ single crystals through temperature-dependent resistance measurements under in-plane ($H\parallel ab$ plane) and out-of-plane ($H\perp ab$ plane) magnetic fields. Analysis of thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) resistance in the superconducting mixed state reveals stark contrasts in thermal activation energy ($U_0$) scaling and field dependence. For $H\perp ab$, $U_0(0.1\mathrm{T})=(1228.76\pm 53.64)$ K follows the Arrhenius relation with a power-law field decay ($U_0\propto H^{-\alpha }$). In contrast, under $H\parallel ab$, $U_0(0.5\mathrm{T})=(7205.58\pm 619.65)$ K aligns with the modified TAFF theory, where the scaling exponent $q=2$ potentially reflects two-dimensional vortex behavior in the TAFF region, and the field dependence of $U_0$ follows parabolic relation $H^{\gamma }{\left[1-\frac{H}{H^{\ast }}\right]}^2$. These results establish 2H-NbS${}_2$ as a model system for probing the anisotropy of flux dynamics in layered superconductors.

16 pages, 4 figures

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