Reversible Modification of Rashba States in Topological Insulators at Room Temperature by Edge Functionalization

Abstract

Quantum materials with novel spin textures from strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) are essential components for a wide array of proposed spintronic devices. Topological insulators have necessary strong SOC that imposes a unique spin texture on topological states and Rashba states that arise on the boundary, but there is no established methodology to control the spin texture reversibly. Here, we demonstrate that functionalizing Bi2Se3 films by altering the step-edge termination directly changes the strength of SOC and thereby modifies the Rashba strength of 1D edge states. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy shows that these Rashba edge states arise and subsequently vanish through the Se functionalization and reduction process of the step edges. The observations are corroborated by density functional theory calculations, which show that a subtle chemical change of edge termination fundamentally alters the underlying electronic structure. Importantly, we experimentally demonstrated fully reversible and repeatable switching of Rashba edge states across multiple cycles at room temperature. The results imply Se functionalization as a practical method to control SOC and spin texture of quantum states in topological insulators.

References in corpus (19)

• Topological Insulators
• Topological insulators and superconductors
• Discovery (theoretical prediction and experimental observation) of a large-gap topological-insulator class with spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface
• Topological Phase Transition and Texture Inversion in a Tunable Topological Insulator
• Large tuneable Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in Bi2Se3
• Fermi level dependent charge-to-spin current conversion by Dirac surface state of topological insulators
• Spin-pumping into surface states of topological insulator α-Sn, spin to charge conversion at room temperature
• Surface conduction of topological Dirac electrons in bulk insulating Bi2Se3
• Room temperature magnetization switching in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures by spin-orbit torques
• Rashba spin-splitting control at the surface of the topological insulator Bi2Se3
• Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel
• Electrical detection of the spin polarization due to charge flow in the surface state of the topological insulator Bi_1.5 Sb_0.5 Te_1.7 Se_1.3
• Record Surface State Mobility and Quantum Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Thin Films via Interface Engineering
• STM imaging of impurity resonances on Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Criteria for realizing room temperature electrical transport applications of topological materials
• Observation of backscattering induced by magnetism in a topological edge state
• Experimental search for one-dimensional edge states at surface steps of the topological insulator Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$: Distinguishing between effects and artifacts
• Connection topology of step edge state bands at the surface of a three dimensional topological insulator
• Interplay between Topological States and Rashba States as Manifested on Surface Steps at Room Temperature