CaF+CaF interactions in the ground and excited electronic states: implications for collisional losses

Abstract

Accurate \textit{ab initio} potential energy surfaces are essential to understand and predict collisional outcomes in ultracold molecular systems. In this study, we explore the intermolecular interactions between two laser-cooled CaF molecules, both in their ground and excited electronic states, aiming to understand the mechanisms behind the observed collisional losses on the non-reactive, spin-polarized surface of the CaF+CaF system. Using state-of-the-art \textit{ab initio} methods, we compute twelve electronic states of the Ca${}_2$F${}_2$ complex within the rigid rotor approximation applied to CaF. Calculating the potential energy surfaces for the excited electronic states of Ca${}_2$F${}_2$ is challenging and computationally expensive. Our approach employs the multireference configuration interaction method, restricted to single and double excitations, along with a reasonably large active space to ensure the convergence in the excited states. We also compute the spin-orbit coupling between the ground state and the lowest spin-polarized triplet state, as well as the spin-spin coupling within the lowest triplet state (1) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime }$. Additionally, we determine the electric transition dipole moments for the (1) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime }$-(2) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime }$ and (1) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime }$-(1) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime \prime }$ transitions. Notably, we find that the lowest spin-polarized state (1) ${}^3{\mathrm{A}}^{\prime }$, shifted by 1064 nm of laser light from the optical dipole trap, intersects several electronically excited states. Finally, by analyzing the potential energy surfaces, we discuss two plausible pathways that may account for the observed collisional losses on the spin-polarized surface of the CaF+CaF system.

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