Sunrise III: Overview of Observatory and Instruments

Abstract

In July 2024, Sunrise completed its third successful science flight. The Sunrise III observatory had been upgraded significantly after the two previous successful flights in 2009 and 2013. Three completely new instruments focus on the small-scale physical processes and their complex interaction from the deepest observable layers in the photosphere up to chromospheric heights. Previously poorly explored spectral regions and lines are exploited to paint a three-dimensional picture of the solar atmosphere with unprecedented completeness and level of detail. The full polarimetric information is captured by all three instruments to reveal the interaction between the magnetic fields and the hydrodynamic processes. Two slit-based spectropolarimeters, the Sunrise UV Spectropolarimeter and Imager (SUSI) and the Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared spectro-Polarimeter (SCIP), focus on the near-ultraviolet and the near-infrared regions respectively, and the imaging spectropolarimeter Tunable Magnetograph (TuMag) simultaneously obtains maps of the full field-of-view of $46\times 46$ Mm${}^2$ in the photosphere and the chromosphere in the visible. The instruments are operated in an orchestrated mode, benefiting from a new Image Stabilization and Light Distribution unit (ISLiD), with the Correlating Wavefront Sensor (CWS) providing the autofocus control and an image stability with a root-mean-square value smaller than 0.005''. A new gondola was constructed to significantly improve the telescope pointing stability, required to achieve uninterrupted observations over many hours. Sunrise III was launched successfully on July 10, 2024, from the Esrange Space Center near Kiruna (Sweden). It reached the landing site between the Mackenzie River and the Great Bear Lake in Canada after a flight duration of 6.5 days. In this paper, we give an overview of the Sunrise III observatory and its instruments.

74 pages, 26 figures. Published as part of the Solar Physics Topical Collection "The Sunrise III Solar Observatory" (https://link.springer.com/collections/jegdciedig)

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Cited by in corpus (11)

• The Sunrise Chromospheric Infrared Spectro-Polarimeter SCIP: an instrument for SUNRISE III
• Sunrise III: The Wavefront Correction System
• Ca ii 854.2 nm in an enhanced network region simulated with MURaM-ChE
• torchmfbd: a flexible multi-object multi-frame blind deconvolution code
• Solar flare ribbons structured by uncombed chromospheric loops
• The magnetic sensitivity of the Ca II resonance and subordinate lines in the solar atmosphere
• Magnetic properties of orphan penumbrae
• Multi-height probing of horizontal flows in the solar photosphere
• The magnetic sensitivity of the Ca II H and K lines
• Formation of chromospheric Fe I lines in the near ultraviolet in 1D atmospheres
• Multi-height Identification of Sausage and Fluting Eigenmodes in a Solar Pore