Observation of a Bilayer Superfluid with Interlayer Coherence
arXiv:2410.22326 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62277-w
Abstract
Controlling the coupling between different degrees of freedom in many-body systems is a powerful technique for engineering novel phases of matter. We create a bilayer system of two-dimensional (2D) ultracold Bose gases and demonstrate the controlled generation of bulk coherence through tunable interlayer Josephson coupling. We probe the resulting correlation properties of both phase modes of the bilayer system: the symmetric phase mode is studied via a noise-correlation method, while the antisymmetric phase fluctuations are directly captured by matter-wave interferometry. The measured correlation functions for both of these modes exhibit a crossover from short-range to quasi-long-range order above a coupling-dependent critical point, thus providing direct evidence of bilayer superfluidity mediated by interlayer coupling. We map out the phase diagram and interpret it with renormalization-group theory and Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we elucidate the underlying mechanism through the observation of suppressed vortex excitations in the antisymmetric mode.
References in corpus (31)
- Experimental Observation of a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble
- Extension of Bogoliubov theory to quasi-condensates
- Quantum Gases in Optical Boxes
- Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a twisted-bilayer optical lattice
- Linear response theory for a pair of coupled one-dimensional condensates of interacting atoms
- Competing magnetic orders in a bilayer Hubbard model with ultracold atoms
- Critical Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Superfluid near a Non-Thermal Fixed Point
- Two-point phase correlations of a one-dimensional bosonic Josephson junction
- Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior in layered superconductors: the role of the vortex-core energy
- A two-dimensional quantum gas in a magnetic trap
- Quantum phase transitions of polar molecules in bilayer systems
- Single-particle vs. pair superfluidity in a bilayer system of dipolar bosons
- Trapping atoms with radio-frequency adiabatic potentials
- Observation of the BKT Transition in a 2D Bose Gas via Matter-Wave Interferometry
- Coupled superfluidity of binary Bose mixtures in two dimensions
- Universal Scaling of the Dynamic BKT Transition in Quenched 2D Bose Gases
- Phase coherence of pairs of Cooper pairs as quasi-long-range order of half-vortex pairs in a two-dimensional bilayer system
- Competition between Vortex Unbinding and Tunneling in an Optical Lattice
- Coherent splitting of two-dimensional Bose gases in magnetic potentials
- Realising a species-selective double well with multiple-radiofrequency-dressed potentials
- Anomalous scaling at non-thermal fixed points of the sine-Gordon model
- Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition with Rabi-coupled bosons
- Dynamical control of the conductivity of an atomic Josephson junction
- Noise correlations of two-dimensional Bose gases
- Quantum Simulations with Bilayer 2D Bose Gases in Multiple-RF-dressed Potentials
- Inelastic collisions in radiofrequency-dressed mixtures of ultracold atoms
- Thermal suppression of demixing dynamics in a binary condensate
- Non-thermal fixed points of universal sine-Gordon coarsening dynamics
- Measurement of total phase fluctuation in cold-atomic quantum simulators
- Detecting Phase Coherence of 2D Bose Gases via Noise Correlations
- Helicity modulus in the bilayer XY model by worm algorithm