Interpreting Millimeter Emission from IMEGIN galaxies NGC 2146 and NGC 2976
arXiv:2410.09827 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449738
Abstract
The millimeter continuum emission from galaxies provides important information about cold dust, its distribution, heating, and role in their InterStellar Medium (ISM). This emission also carries an unknown portion of the free-free and synchrotron radiation. The IRAM 30m Guaranteed Time Large Project, Interpreting Millimeter Emission of Galaxies with IRAM and NIKA2 (IMEGIN) provides a unique opportunity to study the origin of the millimeter emission on angular resolutions of <18" in a sample of nearby galaxies. As a pilot study, we present millimeter observations of two IMEGIN galaxies, NGC 2146 (starburst) and NGC 2976 (peculiar dwarf) at 1.15 mm and 2 mm. Combined with the data taken with Spitzer, Herschel, Plank, WSRT, and the 100m Effelsberg telescopes, we model the infrared-to-radio Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of these galaxies, both globally and at resolved scales, using a Bayesian approach to 1) dissect different components of the millimeter emission, 2) investigate the physical properties of dust, and 3) explore correlations between millimeter emission, gas, and Star Formation Rate (SFR). We find that cold dust is responsible for most of the 1.15 mm emission in both galaxies and at 2 mm in NGC 2976. The free-free emission emits more importantly in NGC 2146 at 2 mm. The cold dust emissivity index is flatter in the dwarf galaxy () compared to the starburst galaxy (). Mapping the dust-to-gas ratio, we find that it changes between 0.004 and 0.01 with a mean of in the dwarf galaxy. In addition, no global balance holds between the formation and dissociation of H in this galaxy. We find tight correlations between the millimeter emission and both the SFR and molecular gas mass in both galaxies.
arXiv commentAccepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
References in corpus (75)
- emcee: The MCMC Hammer
- The chemical composition of the Sun
- Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies
- [O III]/[N II] as an Abundance Indicator at High Redshift
- Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results
- THINGS: The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey
- SINGS: The SIRTF Nearby Galaxies Survey
- CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
- Dust Masses, PAH Abundances, and Starlight Intensities in the SINGS Galaxy Sample
- The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of Star-Forming Galaxies: Global Properties of PAH Emission
- The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies
- Linear Regression for Astronomical Data with Measurement Errors and Intrinsic Scatter
- Molecular Gas and Star Formation in Nearby Disk Galaxies
- HERACLES: The HERA CO-Line Extragalactic Survey
- Dust-Corrected Star Formation Rates of Galaxies. II. Combinations of Ultraviolet and Infrared Tracers
- The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor and Dust-to-Gas Ratio on Kiloparsec Scales in Nearby Galaxies
- A Molecular Star Formation Law in the Atomic Gas Dominated Regime in Nearby Galaxies
- Galactic-Field IMFs of Massive Stars
- HCN Survey of Normal Spiral, IR-luminous and Ultraluminous Galaxies
- KINGFISH -- Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel: Survey Description and Image Atlas
- Mid-Infrared Spectral Diagnosis of Submillimeter Galaxies
- Metallicity Effects on Dust Properties in Starbursting Galaxies
- New calibrations for abundance determinations in HII regions
- Scanamorphos: a map-making software for Herschel and similar scanning bolometer arrays
- The Interstellar dust properties of nearby galaxies
- Non-Standard Grain Properties, Dark Gas Reservoir, and Extended Submillimeter Excess, Probed by Herschel in the Large Magellanic Cloud
- A systematic metallicity study of DustPedia galaxies reveals evolution in the dust-to-metal ratios
- The H alpha Galaxy Survey I. The galaxy sample, H alpha narrow-band observations and star formation parameters for 334 galaxies
- Fermi observations of Cassiopeia and Cepheus: diffuse gamma-ray emission in the outer Galaxy
- ISM Properties in Low-Metallicity Environments II. The Dust Spectral Energy Distribution of NGC 1569
- Probing the Dust Properties of Galaxies at Submillimetre Wavelengths II. Dust-to-gas mass ratio trends with metallicity and the submm excess in dwarf galaxies
- Molecular gas in the Andromeda galaxy
- The Radio Spectral Energy Distribution and Star Formation Rate Calibration in Galaxies
- Revealing the cold dust in low-metallicity environments: I - Photometry analysis of the Dwarf Galaxy Survey with Herschel
- Investigations of dust heating in M81, M83, and NGC 2403 with the Herschel Space Observatory
- The NIKA2 large field-of-view millimeter continuum camera for the 30-m IRAM telescope
- Star formation and molecular hydrogen in dwarf galaxies: a non-equilibrium view
- The Effect of Noise on the Dust Temperature - Spectral Index Correlation
- Calibration of the total infrared luminosity of nearby galaxies from Spitzer and Herschel bands
- DustPedia: Multiwavelength Photometry and Imagery of 875 Nearby Galaxies in 42 Ultraviolet--Microwave Bands
- Modeling Dust and Starlight in Galaxies Observed by Spitzer and Herschel: NGC 628 and NGC 6946
- Dust SEDs in the era of Herschel and Planck: a Hierarchical Bayesian fitting technique
- A Nearby Galaxy Perspective on Dust Evolution. Scaling relations and constraints on the dust build-up in galaxies with the DustPedia and DGS samples
- Old and young stellar populations in DustPedia galaxies and their role in dust heating
- Dust heating sources in galaxies: the case of M33 (HERM33ES)
- Molecular depletion times and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor in metal-poor galaxies
- Comprehensive comparison of models for spectral energy distributions from 0.1 micron to 1 mm of nearby star-forming galaxies
- Surface chemistry in the Interstellar Medium II. formation on dust with random temperature fluctuations
- A Detailed Study of the Radio--FIR Correlation in NGC6946 with Herschel-PACS/SPIRE from KINGFISH
- Probing the Dust Properties of Galaxies up to Submillimetre Wavelengths I. The Spectral Energy Distribution of dwarf galaxies using LABOCA
- Modeling Dust and Starlight in Galaxies Observed by Spitzer and Herschel: The KINGFISH Sample
- Calibration and Performance of the NIKA2 camera at the IRAM 30-meter Telescope
- The Westerbork SINGS Survey: I. Overview and Image Atlas
- Relating dust, gas and the rate of star formation in M31
- Radio to infrared spectra of late-type galaxies with Planck and WMAP data
- ALMA observations of 99 GHz free-free and H40 line emission from star formation in the centre of NGC 253
- Variation in the dust emissivity index across M33 with Herschel and Spitzer (HerM33es)
- The effect of temperature mixing on the observable (T,beta)-relation of interstellar dust clouds
- The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey: VI. The far-infrared view of M87
- Nearby galaxies in LoTSS-DR2: insights into the non-linearity of the radio-SFR relation
- Molecular Gas, Dust and Star Formation in Galaxies: II. Dust properties and scalings in \sim\ 1600 nearby galaxies
- THEMIS 2.0: A self-consistent model for dust extinction, emission, and polarisation
- Free-free and H42alpha emission from the dusty starburst within NGC 4945 as observed by ALMA
- Molecular Hydrogen Formation on Porous Dust Grains
- A far-IR view of the starburst driven superwind in NGC 2146
- HI Observations of the starburst galaxy NGC 2146
- Cold dust in giant barred galaxy NGC1365
- Evolution of Molecular Clouds in the Superwind Galaxy NGC 1808 Probed by ALMA Observations
- Non-Axisymmetric Structure in the Satellite Dwarf Galaxy NGC2976: Implications for its Dark/Bright Mass Distribution and Evolution
- Star formation traced by optical and millimeter hydrogen recombination lines and free-free emissions in the dusty merging galaxy NGC 3256 -- MUSE/VLT and ALMA synergy
- Neutral hydrogen absorption at the center of NGC2146
- The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2
- Star formation in the centre of NGC 1808 as observed by ALMA
- NIKA2 mapping and cross-instrument SED extraction of extended sources with Scanamorphos
- The mm-to-cm SED of spiral galaxies. Synergies between NIKA2 and SRT instruments