Observation of time-dependent $CP$ violation and measurement of the branching fraction of $B^0\to J/\psi {\pi }^0$ decays

Abstract

We present a measurement of the branching fraction and time-dependent charge-parity ($CP$) decay-rate asymmetries in $B^0\to J/\psi {\pi }^0$ decays. The data sample was collected with the Belle~II detector at the SuperKEKB asymmetric $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider in 2019-2022 and contains $(387\pm 6)\times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ meson pairs from ${\rm Y}(4S)$ decays. We reconstruct $392\pm 24$ signal decays and fit the $CP$ parameters from the distribution of the proper-decay-time difference of the two $B$ mesons. We measure the branching fraction to be $B(B^0\to J/\psi {\pi }^0)=(2.00\pm 0.12\pm 0.09)\times 10^{-5}$ and the direct and mixing-induced $CP$ asymmetries to be $C_{CP}=0.13\pm 0.12\pm 0.03$ and $S_{CP}=-0.88\pm 0.17\pm 0.03$, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. We observe mixing-induced $CP$ violation with a significance of $5.0$ standard deviations for the first time in this mode.

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