The Belle II Core Software

Abstract

Modern high-energy physics (HEP) enterprises, such as the Belle II experiment at the KEK laboratory in Japan, create huge amounts of data. Sophisticated algorithms for simulation, reconstruction, visualization, and analysis are required to fully exploit the potential of these data. We describe the core components of the Belle II software that provide the foundation for the development of complex algorithms and their efficient application on large data sets.

References in corpus (3)

• A Novel Generic Framework for Track Fitting in Complex Detector Systems
• GENFIT - a Generic Track-Fitting Toolkit
• An experimental exploration of Marsaglia's xorshift generators, scrambled

Cited by in corpus (120)

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• EOS -- A Software for Flavor Physics Phenomenology
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• Search for $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$ decays using an inclusive tagging method at Belle II
• The Design, Construction, Operation and Performance of the Belle II Silicon Vertex Detector
• Search for an invisibly decaying $Z^{\prime }$ boson at Belle II in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}(e^{\pm }{\mu }^{\mp })$ plus missing energy final states
• Search for $B^{+}\to {\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }$ and $B^{+}\to {\mu }^{+}N$ with inclusive tagging
• Displaced or invisible? ALPs from $B$ decays at Belle II
• Measurement of Differential Distributions of $B\to D^{\ast }\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ and Implications on $|V_{cb}|$
• Measurement of the integrated luminosity of the Phase 2 data of the Belle II experiment
• Search for the rare decay of $B^{+}\to {\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }\gamma$ with improved hadronic tagging
• Shared Data and Algorithms for Deep Learning in Fundamental Physics
• Observation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \omega {\chi }_{bJ}(1P)$ and search for $X_b\to \omega {\rm Y}(1S)$ at $\sqrt{s}$ near 10.75 GeV
• Ultra-High-Resolution Detector Simulation with Intra-Event Aware GAN and Self-Supervised Relational Reasoning
• Measurement of the integrated luminosity of data samples collected during 2019-2022 by the Belle II experiment
• Measured and projected beam backgrounds in the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider
• Measurements of Beam Backgrounds in SuperKEKB Phase 2
• Search for Lepton-Flavor-Violating $\tau$ Decays to a Lepton and an Invisible Boson at Belle II
• Search for an invisible $Z^{\prime }$ in a final state with two muons and missing energy at Belle II
• Determination of $|V_{cb}|$ using ${\overline{B}}^0\to D^{\ast +}{\ell }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays with Belle II
• A test of light-lepton universality in the rates of inclusive semileptonic $B$-meson decays at Belle II
• Search for a dark photon and an invisible dark Higgs boson in ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and missing energy final states with the Belle II experiment
• Search for $B^0$ meson decays into $\Lambda$ and missing energy with a hadronic tagging method at Belle
• Search for a long-lived spin-0 mediator in $b\to s$ transitions at the Belle II experiment
• Search for the lepton flavour violating decays $B^{+}\to K^{+}{\tau }^{\pm }{\ell }^{\mp }$ ($\ell =e,\mu$) at Belle
• New graph-neural-network flavor tagger for Belle II and measurement of $\sin 2{\varphi }_1$ in $B^0\to J/\psi K_{\text{S}}^0$ decays
• Photon Reconstruction in the Belle II Calorimeter Using Graph Neural Networks
• Measurement of the ${\Omega }_c^0$ lifetime at Belle II
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• Punzi-loss: A non-differentiable metric approximation for sensitivity optimisation in the search for new particles
• Search for a ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ resonance in four-muon final states at Belle II
• Measurement of decay-time-dependent $\text{CP}$ violation in $B^0\to J/\psi K_S^0$ decays using 2019-2021 Belle II data
• Measurement of the $B^0$ lifetime and flavor-oscillation frequency using hadronic decays reconstructed in 2019-2021 Belle II data
• Search for a ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ resonance in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ events with the Belle II experiment
• Real-time Graph Building on FPGAs for Machine Learning Trigger Applications in Particle Physics
• First Measurement of $R(X_{\tau /\ell })$ as an Inclusive Test of the $b\to c\tau \nu$ Anomaly
• Measurement of the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$ lifetime
• First observation of $B\to {\bar{D}}_1(\to \bar{D}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}){\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ and measurement of the $B\to {\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}\pi {\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ and $B\to {\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ branching fractions with hadronic tagging at Belle
• Study of $\overline{B}{}^0\to D^{+}{h}^{-}(h=K/\pi )$ decays at Belle
• Measurement of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ cross section in the energy range 0.62-3.50 GeV at Belle II
• Measurement of branching fractions and direct $CP$ asymmetries for $B\to K\pi$ and $B\to \pi \pi$ decays at Belle II
• Dark Sector first results at Belle II
• Search for lepton-flavor-violating ${\tau }^{-}\to {\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays at Belle II
• Search for Rare $b\to d{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ Transitions at Belle
• Tests of light-lepton universality in angular asymmetries of $B^0\to D^{\ast -}\ell \nu$ decays
• Measurement of $CP$ violation in $B^0\to K_S^0{\pi }^0$ decays at Belle II
• Measurement of the mass and width of the ${\Lambda }_c(2625{)}^{+}$ and the branching ratios of ${\Lambda }_c(2625{)}^{+}\to {\Sigma }_c^0{\pi }^{+}$ and ${\Lambda }_c(2625{)}^{+}\to {\Sigma }_c^{++}{\pi }^{-}$
• Energy Efficiency trends in HPC: what high-energy and astrophysicists need to know
• Design of the Global Reconstruction Logic in the Belle II Level-1 Trigger system
• Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$, ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0\eta$, and ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\eta }^{\prime }$ and asymmetry parameter of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$
• Novel method for the identification of the production flavor of neutral charmed mesons
• PE-GAN: Prior Embedding GAN for PXD images at Belle II
• Measurement of the branching fraction and $CP$ asymmetry of $B^0\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ decays using $198\times 10^6$ $B\overline{B}$ pairs in Belle II data
• Spin correlations in $\tau$-lepton pair production due to anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments
• Observations of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to p{K}_S^0$, ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to \Lambda {\pi }^{+}$, and ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Sigma }^0{\pi }^{+}$ at Belle and Belle II
• Test of lepton flavor universality with measurements of $R(D^{+})$ and $R(D^{\ast +})$ using semileptonic $B$ tagging at the Belle II experiment
• Particle identification with the Belle II calorimeter using machine learning
• Implementation of GENFIT2 as an experiment independent track-fitting framework
• First search for the ${\eta }_{c2}(1D)$ in $B$ decays at Belle
• Precise measurement of the $D_s^{+}$ lifetime at Belle II
• Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries and branching-fraction ratios for $B^{\pm }\to D{K}^{\pm }$ and $D{\pi }^{\pm }$ with $D\to K_{\mathrm{S}}^0{K}^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }$ using Belle and Belle II data
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• End-to-End Multi-Track Reconstruction using Graph Neural Networks at Belle II
• Search for the decay $B^0\to \gamma \gamma$ using Belle and Belle II data
• Measurement of $B^{+}\to {\tau }^{+}{\nu }_{\tau }$ branching fraction with a hadronic tagging method at Belle II
• Search for $B{}_s^0\to {\ell }^{\mp }{\tau }^{\pm }$ with the Semi-leptonic Tagging Method at Belle
• Search for a Dark Higgs Boson Produced in Association with Inelastic Dark Matter at the Belle II Experiment
• Measurement of the time-integrated CP asymmetry in $D^0\to K_S^0{K}_S^0$ decays using Belle and Belle II data
• Measurement of the Resonant and Non-Resonant Branching Ratios in ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$
• Progress on the Electromagnetic Calorimeter Trigger Simulation at the Belle II Experiment
• Search for $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ decays at the Belle II experiment
• Observation of the decays $B^{+}\to {\Sigma }_c(2455{)}^{++}{\overline{\Xi }}_c^{-}$ and $B^0\to {\Sigma }_c(2455{)}^0{\overline{\Xi }}_c^0$
• Measurement of the CP asymmetry in $D^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^0$ decays at Belle II
• Measurement of the branching fraction of the decay $B^{-}\to D^0\rho (770{)}^{-}$ at Belle II
• Observation of time-dependent $CP$ violation and measurement of the branching fraction of $B^0\to J/\psi {\pi }^0$ decays
• Observation of the decay $B^0\to J/\psi \omega$ at Belle II
• Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0\to \varphi K_S^0$ decays with Belle II
• Performance of production modules of the Belle II pixel detector in a high-energy particle beam
• Test of light-lepton universality in $\tau$ decays with the Belle II experiment
• Production of loosely-bound hadron molecules from bottomonium decays
• First measurements of the branching fractions for the decay modes ${\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda \eta$ and ${\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda {\eta }^{\prime }$ and search for the decay ${\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda {\pi }^0$ using Belle and Belle II data
• Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0\to K_S^0{\pi }^0\gamma$ decays at Belle II
• Measurement of the branching fractions of $\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}{K}^{-}{K}_{(S)}^{(\ast )0}$ and $\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}{D}_s^{-}$ decays at Belle II
• Measurement of $B\to K{}^{\ast }(892)\gamma$ decays at Belle II
• Search for $CP$ violation in ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{h}^{+}{h}^{-}$ and ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to p{h}^{+}{h}^{-}$ at Belle II
• A new Monte Carlo Generator for BSM physics in $B\to K^{\ast }{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays with an application to lepton non-universality in angular distributions
• Measurement of inclusive $B\to X_u\ell \nu$ partial branching fractions and $|V_{ub}|$ at Belle II
• Constraints on future analysis metadata systems in High Energy Physics
• Comparison of Supervised and Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Belle II Pixel Detector Data
• Measurement of the $D^0\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ branching fraction and search for $D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ and $D^0\to K^{+}{K}^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ decays at Belle
• Model-independent measurement of $D^0$-$\overline{D}{}^0$ mixing parameters in $D^0\to K_S^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays at Belle and Belle II
• Measurement of the Ratio of Partial Branching Fractions of Inclusive $\overline{B}\to X_u\ell \overline{\nu }$ to $\overline{B}\to X_c\ell \overline{\nu }$ and the Ratio of their Spectra with Hadronic Tagging
• Software for Online Reconstruction and Filtering at the Belle~II Experiment
• Systematic analysis of search strategies for $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ gauge bosons at Belle II
• Measurement of the time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0\to K_{\mathrm{S}}^0{K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$ decays using opposite-side flavor tagging at Belle and Belle II
• Search for an Axion-Like Particle in $B\to K^{(\ast )}a(\to \gamma \gamma )$ Decays at Belle
• Search for the lepton-flavor-violating ${\tau }^{-}\to e^{\mp }{\ell }^{\pm }{\ell }^{\mp }$ decays at Belle II
• Search for lepton-flavor-violating ${\tau }^{-}\to {\ell }^{-}{K}_s^0$ decays at Belle and Belle II
• Measurement of the time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ decays at Belle II
• Real-time graph neural networks on FPGAs for the Belle II electromagnetic calorimeter
• Search for the decay $B^{+}\to K^{+}{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ using data from the Belle and Belle II experiments
• Search for Highly Ionizing Particles with the Pixel Detector at Belle II
• Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}_S^0$, ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^{+}$, and ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^0{K}^{+}$ at Belle and Belle II
• Observation of the radiative decay $D_s(2317{)}^{+}\to D_s^{\ast }\gamma$
• Muon identification with Deep Neural Network in the Belle II K-Long and Muon detector
• Measurement of the branching fraction, polarization, and time-dependent $CP$ asymmetry in $B^0\to {\rho }^{+}{\rho }^{-}$ decays and constraint on the CKM angle ${\varphi }_2$
• Search for the baryon number and lepton number violating decays ${\tau }^{-}\to \Lambda {\pi }^{-}$ and ${\tau }^{-}\to \bar{\Lambda }{\pi }^{-}$ at Belle II
• Search for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma {\chi }_{bJ}$ ($J$ = 0, 1, 2) near $\sqrt{s}=10.746$ GeV at Belle II
• Measurement of time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0\to K_{\mathrm{S}}^0{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\gamma$ decays at Belle and Belle II
• Search for $CP$ violation in $D_{(s)}^{+}\to K_S^0{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ decays using triple and quadruple products
• Measurement of the $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ decays at Belle II
• Search for lepton flavor-violating decay modes $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\tau }^{\pm }{\ell }^{\mp }$ ($\ell =e,\mu$) with hadronic B-tagging at Belle and Belle II
• Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $B^0\to {\eta }^{\prime }{K}_s^0$ decays at Belle II
• Kink Finder at Belle II
• First search for $B\to X_s\nu \bar{\nu }$ decays
• $B$-flavor tagging at Belle II
• On the simulated kinematic distributions of heavy meson decays
• Study of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to h^{+}{h}^{-}J/\psi (h=\pi ,K,p)$ via initial-state radiation at Belle~II
• Study of $B^{+}\to {\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu }$ decays at Belle and Belle II