Zooming in on the Circumgalactic Medium with GIBLE: Tracing the Origin and Evolution of Cold Clouds

Abstract

We use the GIBLE suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies with additional super-Lagrangian refinement in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) to quantify the origin and evolution of CGM cold gas clouds. The origin of $z$\,$=$\,$0$ clouds can be traced back to recent ($\lesssim$\,$2$\,Gyr) outflows from the central galaxy ($\sim$\,45\,$\%$), condensation out of the hot phase of the CGM in the same time frame ($\sim$\,45\,$\%$), and to a lesser degree to satellite galaxies ($\lesssim$\,5\,$\%$). We find that in-situ condensation results from rapid cooling around local over-densities primarily seeded by the dissolution of the previous generation of clouds into the hot halo. About $\lesssim$\,10\,$\%$ of the cloud population is long lived, with their progenitors having already assembled $\sim$\,$2$\,Gyr ago. Collective cloud-cloud dynamics are crucial to their evolution, with coalescence and fragmentation events occurring frequently ($\gtrsim$\,20\,Gyr${}^{-1}$). These interactions are modulated by non-vanishing pressure imbalances between clouds and their interface layers. The gas content of clouds is in a constant state of flux, with clouds and their surroundings exchanging mass at a rate of \mbox{$\gtrsim$\,$10^3$\,M${}_{\odot }$\,Myr${}^{-1}$}, depending on cloud relative velocity and interface vorticity. Furthermore, we find that a net magnetic tension force acting against the density gradient is capable of inhibiting cloud-background mixing. Our results show that capturing the distinct origins of cool CGM clouds, together with their physical evolution, requires high-resolution, cosmological galaxy formation simulations with both stellar and supermassive black hole feedback-driven outflows.

Submitted to A&A

References in corpus (53)

• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• Mass, Metal, and Energy Feedback in Cosmological Simulations
• Moving mesh cosmology: tracing cosmological gas accretion
• The Cosmic Baryon and Metal Cycles
• Draping of Cluster Magnetic Fields over Bullets and Bubbles -- Morphology and Dynamic Effects
• Regulation of star formation in giant galaxies by precipitation, feedback, and conduction
• Magnetized Gas Clouds can Survive Acceleration by a Hot Wind
• The Launching of Cold Clouds by Galaxy Outflows I: Hydrodynamic Interactions with Radiative Cooling
• Distances to Galactic high-velocity clouds. I. Cohen Stream, complex GCP, cloud g1
• Resolving small-scale cold circumgalactic gas in TNG50
• Ram pressure stripping of disc galaxies orbiting in clusters. I. Mass and radius of the remaining gas disc
• The impact of feedback on cosmological gas accretion
• Seeding the formation of cold gaseous clouds in Milky Way size halos
• Hydrodynamical Coupling of Mass and Momentum in Multiphase Galactic Winds
• An Accurate Distance to High-Velocity Cloud Complex C
• Efficiency of gas cooling and accretion at the disc-corona interface
• Predictions for the Angular Dependence of Gas Mass Flow Rate and Metallicity in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Detection of microgauss coherent magnetic fields in a galaxy five billion years ago
• Survival and mass growth of cold gas in a turbulent, multiphase medium
• A Catalog of Ultra-compact High Velocity Clouds from the ALFALFA Survey: Local Group Galaxy Candidates?
• X-ray bubbles in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies: signposts of supermassive black hole activity
• The origin of the high-velocity cloud complex C
• Disruption of satellite galaxies in simulated groups and clusters: the roles of accretion time, baryons, and pre-processing
• The colors of satellite galaxies in the Illustris Simulation
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Milky Way-like Galaxies in the TNG50 Simulation -- I: Halo Gas Properties and the Role of SMBH Feedback
• The evolution of interstellar clouds in a streaming hot plasma including heat conduction
• The High Velocity Gas toward Messier 5: Tracing Feedback Flows in the Inner Galaxy
• Multiphase gas in the circumgalactic medium: relative role of $t_{\mathrm{cool}}/t_{\mathrm{ff}}$ and density fluctuations
• Jellyfish galaxies with the IllustrisTNG simulations -- When, where, and for how long does ram pressure stripping of cold gas occur?
• Detection of magnetic fields in the circumgalactic medium of nearby galaxies using Faraday rotation
• A New Method to Quantify Environment and Model Ram-Pressure Stripping in N-Body Simulations
• Observations of a Magellanic Corona
• Cloudy with A Chance of Rain: Accretion Braking of Cold Clouds
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Milky Way-like Galaxies in the TNG50 Simulation -- II: Cold, Dense Gas Clouds and High-Velocity Cloud Analogs
• Arkenstone I: A Novel Method for Robustly Capturing High Specific Energy Outflows In Cosmological Simulations
• Shock-multicloud interactions in galactic outflows -- I. Cloud layers with log-normal density distributions
• Plasmoid Instability in the Multiphase Interstellar Medium
• Boosting galactic outflows with enhanced resolution
• Cooling driven coagulation
• Modeling multi-phase gases in cosmological simulations using compressible multi-fluid hydrodynamics
• The Launching of Cold Clouds by Galaxy Outflows V: The Role of Anisotropic Thermal Conduction
• Cooling flows around cold clouds in the circumgalactic medium: steady-state models & comparison with TNG50
• Probing magnetic fields in the circumgalactic medium using polarization data from MIGHTEE
• Magnetic field draping around clumpy high-velocity clouds in galactic halo
• The magnetised and thermally unstable tails of jellyfish galaxies
• ERGO-ML: Comparing IllustrisTNG and HSC galaxy images via contrastive learning
• Zooming in on the Circumgalactic Medium with GIBLE: the Topology and Draping of Magnetic Fields around Cold Clouds
• Simulating cold shear flows on a moving mesh
• The First Distance Constraint on the Renegade High Velocity Cloud Complex WD
• Ram pressure stripping in clusters: Gravity can bind the ISM but not the CGM
• On the Origin of High-velocity Clouds in the Galaxy
• Observations of cold extragalactic gas clouds at $z=0.45$ towards PKS 1610-771
• Hydrodynamics of Clustered Clouds: Drafting, Survival, Condensation, and Ablation

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Misty, patchy, and turbulent: constraining the cool circumgalactic medium with mCC
• Fading in the Flow: Suppression of cold gas growth in expanding galactic outflows
• IllustrisTNG + Cosmic Rays with a Simple Transport Model: From Dwarfs to L${}^{\star }$ Galaxies
• Multi-cloud crushing -- the collective survival of cold clouds in galactic outflows
• The abundance and origin of cool gas in galaxy clusters in the TNG-Cluster simulation