An alkali-referenced vector spectrum analyzer for visible-light integrated photonics

Abstract

Integrated photonics has reformed our information society by offering on-chip optical signal synthesis, processing and detection with reduced size, weight and power consumption. As such, it has been successfully established in the near-infrared (NIR) telecommunication bands. With the soaring demand in miniaturized systems for biosensing, quantum information and transportable atomic clocks, extensive endeavors have been stacked on translating integrated photonics into the visible spectrum, i.e. visible-light integrated photonics. Various innovative visible-light integrated devices have been demonstrated, such as lasers, frequency combs, and atom traps, highlighting the capacity and prospect to create chip-based optical atomic clocks that can make timing and frequency metrology ubiquitous. A pillar to the development of visible-light integrated photonics is characterization techniques featuring high frequency resolution and wide spectral coverage, which however remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate a vector spectrum analyzer (VSA) for visible-light integrated photonics, offering spectral bandwidth from 766 to 795 nm and frequency resolution of 415 kHz. The VSA is rooted on a widely chirping, high-power, narrow-linewidth, mode-hop-free laser around 780 nm, which is frequency-doubled from the near-infrared via an efficient, broadband CPLN waveguide. The VSA is further referenced to hyperfine structures of rubidium and potassium atoms, enabling 8.1 MHz frequency accuracy. We apply our VSA to showcase the characterization of loss, dispersion and phase response of passive integrated devices, as well as densely spaced spectra of mode-locked lasers. Combining operation in the NIR and visible spectra, our VSA allows characterization bandwidth exceeding an octave and can be an invaluable diagnostic tool for spectroscopy, nonlinear optical processing, imaging and quantum interfaces to atomic devices.

References in corpus (38)

• The Quantum Internet
• Cavity Optomechanics
• Quantum metrology with nonclassical states of atomic ensembles
• Integrated photonics on thin-film lithium niobate
• An Integrated-Photonics Optical-Frequency Synthesizer
• Quantum Communication
• High Coherence Mid-Infrared Dual Comb Spectroscopy Spanning 2.6 to 5.2 microns
• Integrated multi-wavelength control of an ion qubit
• Stably accessing octave-spanning microresonator frequency combs in the soliton regime
• Octave-spanning dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in $S{i}_3{N}_4$ microresonators
• Integrated optical multi-ion quantum logic
• Ultra-low loss integrated visible photonics using thin-film lithium niobate
• Efficient and low-noise single-photon-level frequency conversion interfaces using silicon nanophotonics
• Probing the loss origins of ultra-smooth $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_3{\mathrm{N}}_4$ integrated photonic waveguides
• A transportable optical lattice clock with $7\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty
• Low-loss integrated photonics for the blue and ultraviolet regime
• Structured illumination microscopy using a photonic chip
• Visible light photonic integrated Brillouin laser
• Ultra-high-Q UV microring resonators based on single-crystalline AlN platform
• Foundry manufacturing of tight-confinement, dispersion-engineered, ultralow-loss silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit
• Efficient telecom-to-visible spectral translation through ultra-low power nonlinear nanophotonics
• Photonic integrated beam delivery in a rubidium 3D magneto-optical trap
• Integrated TiO2 resonators for visible photonics
• Titanium:Sapphire-on-insulator for broadband tunable lasers and high-power amplifiers on chip
• Tuning Kerr-Soliton Frequency Combs to Atomic Resonances
• A chip-scale second-harmonic source via injection-locked all-optical poling
• A chip-integrated comb-based microwave oscillator
• A wideband, high-resolution vector spectrum analyzer for integrated photonics
• Frequency-comb-linearized, widely tunable lasers for coherent ranging
• Trapped ion qubit and clock operations with a visible wavelength photonic coil resonator stabilized integrated Brillouin laser
• Visible to Ultraviolet Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Nanophotonic Waveguides
• SiN integrated photonic components in the Visible to Near-Infrared spectral region
• High-coherence hybrid-integrated 780 nm source by self-injection-locked second-harmonic generation in a high-Q silicon-nitride resonator
• Near ultraviolet photonic integrated lasers based on silicon nitride
• Nonlinear nanophotonic devices in the Ultraviolet to Visible wavelength range
• A hybrid-integrated diode laser in the visible spectral range
• Hybrid-integrated dark-pulse microcombs towards visible light spectrum
• Integrated Mode-Hop-Free Tunable Lasers at 780 nm for Chip-Scale Classical and Quantum Photonic Applications