Cosmological constraints on ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM scenario in a type II minimally modified gravity

Abstract

The idea of a rapid sign-switching cosmological constant (mirror AdS-dS transition) in the late universe at $z\sim 1.7$, known as the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model, has significantly improved the fit to observational data and provides a promising scenario for alleviating major cosmological tensions, such as the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions. However, in the absence of a fully predictive model, implementing this fit required conjecturing that the dynamics of the linear perturbations are governed by general relativity. Recent work embedding the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model with the Lagrangian of a type II minimally modified gravity known as VCDM has propelled ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM to a fully predictive model, removing the uncertainty related to the aforementioned assumption; we call this new model ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$VCDM. In this work, we demonstrate that not only does ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM fit the data better than the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, but the new model, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$VCDM, performs even better in alleviating cosmological tensions while also providing a better fit to the data, including CMB, BAO, SNe Ia, and cosmic shear measurements. Our findings highlight the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM framework, particularly the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$VCDM model, as a compelling alternative to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, especially by successfully alleviating the $H_0$ tension. Additionally, these models predict higher values for ${\sigma }_8$, indicating enhanced structuring, albeit with lower present-day matter density parameter values and consequently reduced $S_8$ values, alleviating the $S_8$ tension as well. This demonstrates that the data are well fit by a combination of background and linear perturbations, both having dynamics differing from those of $\Lambda$CDM. This paves the way for further exploration of new ways for embedding the sign-switching cosmological constant into other models.

17 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables; matches the version published in Physical Review D

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