Multi-step topological transitions among meron and skyrmion crystals in a centrosymmetric magnet

Abstract

Topological swirling spin textures, such as skyrmions and merons, have recently attracted much attention as a unique building block for high-density magnetic information devices. The controlled transformation among different types of such quasi-particles is an important challenge, while it was previously achieved only in a few non-centrosymmetric systems characterized by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Here, we report an experimental discovery of multi-step topological transitions among a variety of meron and skyrmion crystal states in a centrosymmetric magnet GdRu${}_2$Ge${}_2$. By performing the detailed magnetic structure analysis based on resonant X-ray and neutron scattering experiments as well as electron transport measurements, we have found that this compound hosts periodic lattice of elliptic skyrmions, meron/anti-meron pairs, and circular skyrmions as a function of external magnetic field. The diameter of these objects is as small as 2.7 nm, which is almost two orders of magnitude smaller than typical non-centrosymmetric magnets. Such an intricate manner of topological magnetic transitions are well reproduced by a theoretical model considering the competition between RKKY interactions at inequivalent wave vectors. The present findings demonstrate that even a simple centrosymmetric magnet with competing interactions can be a promising material platform to realize a richer variety of nanometric magnetic quasi-particles with distinctive symmetry and topology, whose stability may be tunable by various external stimuli.

to appear in Nature Physics

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• Programmable skyrmions for robust communication and intelligent sensing
• Exploring topological spin order by inverse Hamiltonian design: A new stabilization mechanism for square skyrmion crystals
• Ultrafast manipulations of nanoscale skyrmioniums
• Microscopic evidence of spin-driven multiferroicity and topological spin textures in monolayer NiI2
• Reentrant multiple-$\mathbf{q}$ magnetic order and a "spin-cholesteric" phase in Sr${}_3$Fe${}_2$O${}_7$
• A Magnon Band Analysis of GdRu2Si2 in the Field-Polarized State
• Origin of multiple skyrmion phases in EuAl4
• Bimeron Crystals by a Linearly Polarized AC Electric Field in Frustrated Magnets
• Thickness-Driven Transitions Between Novel Magnetic States in Ferromagnetic Films
• Topological Hall Effect in PrSb${}_2$
• Voltage-controlled topological spin textures in the monolayer limit
• Emergent Anomalous Hall Effect in the Eu-Based Compound with a Diamond Network: The Centrosymmetric Cubic Antiferromagnet EuTi${}_2$Al${}_{20}$
• Thermodynamic theory of square skyrmion lattice in tetragonal frustrated antiferromagnets
• Square skyrmion lattice in multiorbital $f$-electron systems
• Double-$Q$ and quadruple-$Q$ instabilities at low-symmetric ordering wave vectors under tetragonal symmetry
• Effects of crystal field and momentum-based frustrated exchange interactions on multiorbital square skyrmion lattice
• Riemannian geometric classification and emergent phenomena of magnetic textures
• Skyrmion generation via Laguerre-Gaussian beam irradiation in frustrated magnets
• Collinear spin density wave state in distorted square-lattice GdNiSn${}_4$
• Symmetry-Tunable Skyrmions and Merons in Magnetic Nanodisks via Spatially Engineered Anisotropy
• Topological Semimetal KAlGe with Novel Electronic Instability