Spectroscopy of elementary excitations from quench dynamics in a dipolar XY Rydberg simulator

Abstract

We use a Rydberg quantum simulator to demonstrate a new form of spectroscopy, called quench spectroscopy, which probes the low-energy excitations of a many-body system. We illustrate the method on a two-dimensional simulation of the spin-1/2 dipolar XY model. Through microscopic measurements of the spatial spin correlation dynamics following a quench, we extract the dispersion relation of the elementary excitations for both ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic couplings. We observe qualitatively different behaviors between the two cases that result from the long-range nature of the interactions, and the frustration inherent in the antiferromagnet. In particular, the ferromagnet exhibits elementary excitations behaving as linear spin waves. In the anti-ferromagnet, spin waves appear to decay, suggesting the presence of strong nonlinearities. Our demonstration highlights the importance of power-law interactions on the excitation spectrum of a many-body system.

Main text 8 pages with 4 figures ; Supplemental Material 16 pages and 13 figures

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• High-efficiency loading of 2,400 Ytterbium atoms in optical tweezer arrays
• Double Supersolid Phase in a Bosonic t-J-V Model with Rydberg Atoms
• Higgs and Nambu-Goldstone modes in a spin-1 $XY$ model with long-range interactions
• Stability of current-carrying states in hard-core bosons with long-range hopping on a square lattice
• Entanglement-enhanced correlation propagation in the one-dimensional SU($N$) Fermi-Hubbard model
• Non-destructive optical read-out and manipulation of circular Rydberg atoms