The external photoevaporation of structured protoplanetary disks

Abstract

The dust in planet-forming disks evolve rapidly through growth and radial drift, and external photoevaporation also contributes to this evolution in massive star-forming regions. We test whether the presence of substructures can explain the survival of the dust component and observed millimeter continuum emission in protoplanetary disks located within massive star-forming regions. We also characterize the dust content removed by the photoevaporative winds. For this, we performed hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disks subject to irradiation fields of $F_{UV}=10^2$, $10^3$, and $10^4{G}_0$, with different dust trap locations. We used the FRIED grid to derive the mass loss rate for each irradiation field and disk properties, and then measure the evolution of the dust mass over time. For each simulation we estimate continuum emission at $\lambda =1.3\text{mm}$ along with the radii encompassing $90\%$ of the continuum flux, and characterize the dust size distribution entrained in the photoevaporative winds, along with the resulting far-ultraviolet (FUV) cross section. Our simulations show that the presence of dust traps can extend the lifetime of the dust component of the disk to a few millionyears if the FUV irradiation is $F_{UV}\lesssim 10^3{G}_0$, but only if the dust traps are located inside the photoevaporative truncation radius. The dust component of a disk quickly disperse if the FUV irradiation is strong ($10^4{G}_0$) or if the substructures are located outside the photoevaporation radius. We do find however, that the dust grains entrained with the photoevaporative winds may result in an absorption FUV cross section of $\sigma \approx 10^{-22}{\text{cm}}^2$ at early times of evolution ($<$0.1 Myr), which is enough to trigger a self-shielding effect that reduces the total mass loss rate, and slow down the disk dispersal in a negative feedback loop process.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (39)

• Interstellar Dust Grains
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• A simple model for the evolution of the dust population in protoplanetary disks
• Coagulation, fragmentation and radial motion of solid particles in protoplanetary disks
• Gas- and dust evolution in protoplanetary disks
• Particle Stirring in Turbulent Gas Disks: Including Orbital Oscillations
• Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation in Stellar Aggregates
• Radial Flow of Dust Particles in Accretion Disks
• Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks
• Dust Properties of Protoplanetary Disks in the Taurus-Auriga Star Forming Region from Millimeter Wavelengths
• Trapping dust particles in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks
• The Gould's Belt Distances Survey (GOBELINS) II. Distances and structure towards the Orion Molecular Clouds
• Destruction of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA I. Results from continuum data
• Distance to Orion KL Measured with VERA
• Dust retention in protoplanetary disks
• A Keck High Resolution Spectroscopic Study of the Orion Nebula Proplyds
• Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). I. Overview of the Program and First Results
• Protoplanetary Disk Properties in the Orion Nebula Cluster: Initial Results from Deep, High-Resolution ALMA Observations
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs in sparse stellar groups: the impact of dust growth
• ALMA Observations of the Orion Proplyds
• Can grain growth explain transition disks?
• The FRIED grid of mass loss rates for externally irradiated protoplanetary discs
• UV Radiation Fields Produced by Young Embedded Star Clusters
• Viscous Evolution and Photoevaporation of Circumstellar Disks due to External FUV Radiation Fields
• The evolution of dust in discs influenced by external photoevaporation
• Prevalent externally-driven protoplanetary disc dispersal as a function of the galactic environment
• A solution to the proplyd lifetime problem
• Photoevaporative Dispersal of Protoplanetary Disks around Evolving Intermediate-mass Stars
• Using Ice and Dust Lines to Constrain the Surface Densities of Protoplanetary Disks
• Modeling dust growth in protoplanetary disks: The breakthrough case
• The evolution of protoplanetary discs in star formation and feedback simulations
• Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA) II: UV-driven disk mass loss in L1641 and L1647
• Radiation shielding of protoplanetary discs in young star-forming regions
• Substructures in Compact Disks of the Taurus Star-forming Region
• The impact of dynamic pressure bumps on the observational properties of protoplanetary disks
• External photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs in Cygnus OB2: linking discs to star formation dynamical history
• Small Protoplanetary Disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster and OMC1 with ALMA
• The evolution of circumstellar discs in the Galactic Centre: an application to the G-clouds

Cited by in corpus (10)

• The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO): VIII. The impact of external photoevaporation on disk masses and radii in Upper Scorpius
• On the suppression of giant planet formation around low-mass stars in clustered environments
• Infall and Disk Processes - the Message from Meteorites
• How external photo-evaporation changes the chemical composition of the inner disc
• Peering through the veil: Investigating protoplanetary disk outer edges using backside visibility
• Timescales diagnostics for saving viscous and MHD-driven dusty discs from external photoevaporation
• Models and Observational Predictions of Dust Traps in Protoplanetary Discs
• A tension between dust and gas radii: the role of substructures and external photoevaporation in protoplanetary disks
• Line ratio identification of external photoevaporation
• Survival of Protoplanetary Disks in Upper Scorpius from Population Synthesis Models with External Photoevaporation