Quantisation Across Bubble Walls and Friction

Abstract

We quantise from first principles field theories living on the background of a bubble wall in the planar limit with particular focus on the case of spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Using these tools, we compute the average momentum transfer from transition radiation: the soft emission of radiation by an energetic particle passing across the wall, with a particular focus on the longitudinal polarisation of vectors. We find these to be comparable to transverse polarisations in symmetry-breaking transitions with mild super-cooling, and dominant in broken to broken transitions with thin wall. Our results have phenomenological applications for the expansion of bubbles during first order phase transitions. Our general framework allows for the robust calculation of any particle processes of interest in such translation breaking backgrounds.

42 pages + appendices. Updated to match version published in JHEP

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• Electroweak Phase Transition with a Double Well Done Doubly Well
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• Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions: from weak to strong
• Bubble wall velocity and gravitational wave in the minimal left-right symmetric model
• Gravitational effects on fluid dynamics in cosmological first-order phase transitions
• Non-thermal production of heavy vector dark matter from relativistic bubble walls
• Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations
• A New Source of Phase Transition Gravitational Waves: Heavy Particle Braking Across Bubble Walls