Constraints on the cosmological parameters with three-parameter correlation of Gamma-ray bursts

Abstract

As one of the most energetic and brightest events, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be treated as a promising probe of the high-redshift universe. Similar to type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), GRBs with same physical origin could be treated as standard candles. We select GRB samples with the same physical origin, which are divided into two groups. One group is consisted of 31 GRBs with a plateau phase feature of a constant luminosity followed by a decay index of about -2 in the X-ray afterglow light curves, and the other has 50 GRBs with a shallow decay phase in the optical light curves. For the selected GRB samples, we confirm that there is a tight correlation between the plateau luminosity $L_0$, the end time of plateau $t_b$ and the isotropic energy release $E_{\gamma ,iso}$. We also find that the $L_0-t_b-E_{\gamma ,iso}$ correlation is insensitive to the cosmological parameters and no valid limitations on the cosmological parameters can be obtained using this correlation. We explore a new three-parameter correlation $L_0$, $t_b$, and the spectral peak energy in the rest frame $E_{p,i}$ ($L_0-t_b-E_{p,i}$), and find that this correlation can be used as a standard candle to constrain the cosmological parameters. By employing the optical sample only, we find the constraints of ${\Omega }_m=0.697_{-0.278}^{+0.402}(1\sigma )$ for a flat $\Lambda$CDM model. For the non-flat $\Lambda$CDM model, the best-fitting results are ${\Omega }_m=0.713_{-0.278}^{+0.346}$, ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }=0.981_{-0.580}^{+0.379}(1\sigma )$. For the combination of the X-ray and optical smaples, we find ${\Omega }_m=0.313_{-0.125}^{+0.179}(1\sigma )$ for a flat $\Lambda$CDM model, and ${\Omega }_m=0.344_{-0.112}^{+0.176}$, ${\Omega }_{\Lambda }=0.770_{-0.416}^{+0.366}(1\sigma )$ for a non-flat $\Lambda$CDM model.

Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 13 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables

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• Standardizing the Gamma-ray burst as a standard candle and applying to the cosmological probes: constraints on the two-component dark energy model
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• Constraints on Cosmological Models with Gamma-Ray Bursts in Cosmology-Independent Way
• Model-independent Gamma-Ray Bursts Constraints on Cosmological Models Using Machine Learning
• Testing the consistency of new Amati-correlated gamma-ray burst dataset cosmological constraints with those from better-established cosmological data
• Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated by Using Artificial Neural Networks from the Pantheon+ Sample
• Spectral Hardness as the Primary Discriminator: Unveiling the Collapsar--Merger Boundary with a Gold-Standard Gamma-Ray Burst Sample