Distance of PSR B0458+46 indicated by FAST HI absorption observations

Abstract

The pulsar B0458+46 was previously believed to have a distance of about 1.3 kpc and to be associated with a nearby supernova remnant, SNR HB9 (G160.9+2.6). We observe the neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption spectrum of PSR B0458+46 by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), and detect two absorption lines at radial velocities of $V_{\mathrm{LSR}}=-7.7{\mathrm{km}\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ and $-28.1\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. Based on the Galactic rotation curve with a modification factor correcting for the systematic stream in the anticenter region, we derive the kinematic distance of the farther absorption cloud, which is found to be located $2.7_{-0.8}^{+0.9}$ kpc away, just beyond the Perseus Arm. We also obtain a direct distance estimation of the absorption clouds, being $2.3_{-0.7}^{+1.1}$ kpc, based on a comparison of their velocity with the HI emission in the Perseus and Outer Arms that was well-defined by recently measured parallax tracers. As a result, we conclude that PSR B0458+46 should be located beyond the Perseus Arm, with a lower limit distance of 2.7 kpc, and therefore not associated with SNR HB9. The doubled distance indicates a deficiency of thermal electrons in the immediate outer Galaxy, with much less density than current models predict. Additionally, we detect a new high-velocity HI cloud in the direction of this pulsar.

8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

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