The 2022 high-energy outburst and radio disappearing act of the magnetar 1E 1547.0-5408

Abstract

We report the radio and high-energy properties of a new outburst from the radio-loud magnetar 1E 1547.0$-$5408. Following the detection of a short burst from the source with Swift-BAT on 2022 April 7, observations by NICER detected an increased flux peaking at $(6.0\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-11}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ cm${}^{-2}$ in the soft X-ray band, falling to the baseline level of $1.7\times 10^{-11}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ cm${}^{-2}$ over a 17-day period. Joint spectroscopic measurements by NICER and NuSTAR indicated no change in the hard non-thermal tail despite the prominent increase in soft X-rays. Observations at radio wavelengths with Murriyang, the 64-m Parkes radio telescope, revealed that the persistent radio emission from the magnetar disappeared at least 22 days prior to the initial Swift-BAT detection and was re-detected two weeks later. Such behavior is unprecedented in a radio-loud magnetar, and may point to an unnoticed slow rise in the high-energy activity prior to the detected short-bursts. Finally, our combined radio and X-ray timing revealed the outburst coincided with a spin-up glitch, where the spin-frequency and spin-down rate increased by $0.2\pm 0.1$ $\mu$Hz and $(-2.4\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-12}$ s${}^{-2}$ respectively. A linear increase in spin-down rate of $(-2.0\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-19}$ s${}^{-3}$ was also observed over 147 d of post-outburst timing. Our results suggest that the outburst may have been associated with a reconfiguration of the quasi-polar field lines, likely signalling a changing twist, accompanied by spatially broader heating of the surface and a brief quenching of the radio signal, yet without any measurable impact on the hard X-ray properties.

Accepted to ApJ, 18 pages, 7 figures. Fixed typo in abstract and discussion

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• Searching for Magnetar Binaries Disrupted by Core-Collapse Supernovae
• The radio shut-off, glitch, and X-ray burst in 1E 1547.0-5408 interpreted through magnetic reconfiguration
• Prospects for Time-Domain and Multi-Messenger Science with eXTP
• Vacuum birefringence and the polarized X-ray emission from a radio magnetar
• Interlinking internal and external magnetic fields of relativistically rotating neutron stars
• Universality of gravitational radiation from magnetar magnetospheres
• An alternative interpretation of magnetars' traits deduced from the observational data on their outburst fluxes and spectra