Nucleon relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions

Abstract

As a follow up of our work on the electromagnetic four-current, we study for the first time the relativistic polarization and magnetization spatial distributions inside a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ target within the quantum phase-space approach. While the polarization-magnetization tensor is usually defined in terms of the Gordon decomposition of the electromagnetic four-current, a Breit frame analysis reveals that a physically simpler and more natural picture of the system arises when the polarization-magnetization tensor is instead defined in terms of a Sachs decomposition. Relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions for a moving target are compared with their light-front counterparts. In particular, we show that the genuine light-front magnetization distributions are defined in terms of Fourier transforms of the Sachs magnetic form factor, rather than in terms of the Pauli form factor as suggested earlier in the literature. We finally illustrate our results in the case of a nucleon using the electromagnetic form factors extracted from experimental data.

arXiv comment48 pages, 15 figures

References in corpus (80)

• Quantum Chromodynamics and Other Field Theories on the Light Cone
• Impact Parameter Dependent Parton Distributions and Off-Forward Parton Distributions for $\zeta \to 0$
• Impact Parameter Space Interpretation for Generalized Parton Distributions
• Electric Dipole Moments of the Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles
• High-precision determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
• Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors
• The angular momentum controversy: What's it all about and does it matter?
• The electric and magnetic form factors of the proton
• Quark Imaging in the Proton Via Quantum Phase-Space Distributions
• Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
• Charge Density of the Neutron
• Precision Rosenbluth measurement of the proton elastic form factors
• Strange Quark Contributions to Parity-Violating Asymmetries in the Forward G0 Electron-Proton Scattering Experiment
• A new parameterization of the nucleon elastic form factors
• Revisiting the mechanical properties of the nucleon
• Nucleon electromagnetic form factors
• The Strange Quark Contribution to the Proton's Magnetic Moment
• High Precision Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factor Ratio ${\mu }_p{G}_E/G_M$ at low $Q^2$
• Precision Measurements of the Nucleon Strange Form Factors at Q^2 ~0.1 GeV^2
• Evidence for Strange Quark Contributions to the Nucleon's Form Factors at $Q^2$ = 0.108 (GeV/c)${}^2$
• Final Analysis of Proton Form Factor Ratio Data at ${\mathbf{Q}}^2=4.0$, 4.8 and 5.6 GeV${}^2$
• Proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors and uncertainties
• Nucleon Charge and Magnetization Densities from Sachs Form Factors
• Transverse Deformation of Parton Distributions and Transversity Decomposition of Angular Momentum
• Impact Parameter Dependent Parton Distributions and Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries
• Transverse Charge Densities
• Empirical transverse charge densities in the nucleon and the nucleon-to-$\Delta$ transition
• Defining the Proton Radius: a Unified Treatment
• Proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors from lattice QCD
• Status on nucleon electromagnetic form factors
• A Precise Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor GMn in the Few-GeV2 Region
• Precision Nucleon Charges and Form Factors Using 2+1-flavor Lattice QCD
• Realistic Transverse Images of the Proton Charge and Magnetic Densities
• Spatial distribution of angular momentum inside the nucleon
• Polarization Transfer Observables in Elastic Electron Proton Scattering at $Q^2=$2.5, 5.2, 6.8, and 8.5 GeV${}^2$
• Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors in the Timelike Region
• Forces within hadrons on the light front
• Charge Distributions of Moving Nucleons
• Are Electron Scattering Data Consistent with a Small Proton Radius?
• Delta-baryon electromagnetic form factors in lattice QCD
• Ambiguities in the definition of local spatial densities in light hadrons
• On the Origin of Model Relations among Transverse-Momentum Dependent Parton Distributions
• Quark transverse charge densities in the $\Delta (1232)$ from lattice QCD
• Nucleon electromagnetic form factors using lattice simulations at the physical point
• Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors in the Continuum Limit from 2+1+1-flavor Lattice QCD
• Covariant multipole expansion of local currents for massive states of any spin
• Computing the nucleon charge and axial radii directly at $Q^2=0$ in lattice QCD
• Fully covariant radiation force on a polarizable particle
• Isovector electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon from lattice QCD and the proton radius puzzle
• Forces inside the nucleon on the light front from 3D Breit frame force distributions: Abel tomography case
• Unified formalism for electromagnetic and gravitational probes: densities
• On the definition of local spatial densities in hadrons
• The relativistic center of mass in field theory with spin
• Electromagnetic Properties for Arbitrary Spin Particles: Part 2 $-$ Natural Moments and Transverse Charge Densities
• Pretzelosity TMD and Quark Orbital Angular Momentum
• Measurement of the neutron charge radius and the role of its constituents
• New explicit expressions for Dirac bilinears
• Empirical transverse charge densities in the deuteron
• Light-front interpretation of Proton Generalized Polarizabilities
• Model-independent determination of the nucleon charge radius from lattice QCD
• Determination of the generalized parton distributions through the analysis of the world electron scattering data considering two-photon exchange corrections
• Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratios at Low Q^2
• 2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit
• On the definition of electromagnetic local spatial densities for composite spin-$1/2$ systems
• Charge radii of the nucleon from its flavor dependent Dirac form factors
• Relativistic spin sum rules and the role of the pivot
• On the deuteron relativistic charge distributions
• The Pauli and $\text{Leˊvy-Leblond}$ Equations, and the Spin Current Density
• Transverse charge distributions of the nucleon and their Abel images
• Minkowski's lost legacy and hadron electromagnetism
• Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions
• $N\pi$-state contamination in lattice calculations of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors
• Local spatial densities for composite spin-3/2 systems
• Proton Form Factor Ratio, ${\mu }_p{G}_E^p/G_M^p$ from Double Spin Asymmetry
• Electromagnetic multipole structure of a spin-one particle: Abel tomography case
• Nucleon form factors and parton distributions in nonlocal chiral effective theory
• Understanding the systematic differences in extractions of the proton electric form factors at low-$Q^2$
• Low-$Q^2$ elastic electron-proton scattering using a gas jet target
• Two-dimensional charge distributions of the $\Delta$ baryon: Interpolation between the nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limit
• Elastic Positron-Proton Scattering at Low Q${}^2$

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Impact of JLab data on the determination of GPDs at zero skewness and new insights from transition form factors $N\to \Delta$
• Electromagnetic and gravitational local spatial densities for spin-1 systems
• Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon
• Mapping the transverse spin sum rule in position space
• Inclusive probability to record an electron in elastic electromagnetic scattering by a spin one-half hadron wave packet
• Determination of the moments of the proton charge density
• Global Analyses of Generalized Parton Distributions with Diverse PDF Inputs
• Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons