The VST ATLAS Quasar Survey I: Catalogue

Abstract

We present the VST ATLAS Quasar Survey, consisting of $\sim 1,229,000$ quasar (QSO) candidates with $16<g<22.5$ over $\sim 4700$ deg${}^2$. The catalogue is based on VST ATLAS$+$NEOWISE imaging surveys and aims to reach a QSO sky density of $130$ deg${}^{-2}$ for $z<2.2$ and $\sim 30$ deg${}^{-2}$ for $z>2.2$. One of the aims of this catalogue is to select QSO targets for the 4MOST Cosmology Redshift Survey. To guide our selection, we use X-ray/UV/optical/MIR data in the extended William Herschel Deep Field (WHDF) where we find a $g<22.5$ broad-line QSO density of $269\pm 67$ deg${}^{-2}$, roughly consistent with the expected $\sim 196$ deg${}^{-2}$. We also find that $\sim 25$% of our QSOs are morphologically classed as optically extended. Overall, we find that in these deep data, MIR, UV and X-ray selections are all $\sim 70-90$% complete while X-ray suffers less contamination than MIR and UV. MIR is however more sensitive than X-ray or UV to $z>2.2$ QSOs at $g<22.5$ and the eROSITA limit. We then adjust the selection criteria from our previous 2QDES pilot survey and prioritise VST ATLAS candidates that show both UV and MIR excess, while also selecting candidates initially classified as extended. We test our selections using data from DESI (which will be released in DR1) and 2dF to estimate the efficiency and completeness of our selections, and finally we use ANNz2 to determine photometric redshifts for the QSO candidate catalogue. Applying over the $\sim 4700$ deg${}^2$ ATLAS area gives us $\sim 917,000$ $z<2.2$ QSO candidates of which 472,000 are likely to be $z<2.2$ QSOs, implying a sky density of $\sim$100 deg${}^{-2}$, which our WHDF analysis suggests will rise to at least 130 deg${}^{-2}$ when eROSITA X-ray candidates are included. At $z>2.2$, we find $\sim 310,000$ candidates, of which 169,000 are likely to be QSOs for a sky density of $\sim 36$ deg${}^{-2}$.

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