Investigating the Hubble Tension: Effect of Cepheid Calibration

Abstract

Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) by SH0ES collaboration (R11 and R16) diverge from the value reported by recent CMBR observations utilising the Planck satellite and application of the $\Lambda CDM$ cosmological model by at least $3\sigma$. It is among the most challenging problems in contemporary cosmology and is known as the Hubble tension. The SNe Ia in R11 and R16 were calibrated through cepheid variables in three distinct galaxies: Milky Way, LMC, and NGC4258. Carnegie Hubble Program (CHP) observations of type Ia SNe calibrated using the tip of the red giant approach yielded a somewhat different estimate for the Hubble constant. This decreased the Hubble tension from over 3$\sigma$ to below 2$\sigma$. It is a legitimate question to answer whether there are any issues with SNe Ia calibration and to investigate whether the Hubble tension is real or not. We use statistical techniques namely, ANOVA, K-S test, and t-test to examine whether the cepheid calibration is host-dependent. Our analysis shows that (i) both R11 and R16 data suffer from non-Gaussian systematic effects, (ii) $H_0$ values in the sub-samples (different anchor-based) in both R11 and R16 groups are significantly different at a 99\% confidence level, and (iii) neglecting the metal-rich MW sample does not reduce the $H_0$ value significantly, and thus Hubble tension persists. A small reduction in the Hubble constant could be linked to the differences in the host environment. Hence instead of using a single universal relation environment based slope and zero point should be preferred.

arXiv comment15 pages (single column), 7 figures

References in corpus (30)

• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• Grids of stellar models with rotation - I. Models from 0.8 to 120 Msun at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014)
• A 3% Solution: Determination of the Hubble Constant with the Hubble Space Telescope and Wide Field Camera 3
• H0LiCOW XIII. A 2.4% measurement of $H_0$ from lensed quasars: $5.3\sigma$ tension between early and late-Universe probes
• The evolution of rotating stars
• An eclipsing binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud accurate to 2 per cent
• New physics in light of the $H_0$ tension: an alternative view
• On the Hubble constant tension in the SNe Ia Pantheon sample
• Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheid Variable Stars: Period-Luminosity Relations
• Resolving the Hubble Tension with New Early Dark Energy
• On the evolution of the Hubble constant with the SNe Ia Pantheon Sample and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a feasibility study for GRB-cosmology in 2030
• The influence of chemical composition on the properties of Cepheid stars. II-The iron content
• Cepheid Parallaxes and the Hubble Constant
• Early-Universe Constraints on Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering and their Implications for a Global 21cm Signal
• Is there an early Universe solution to Hubble tension?
• Non-parametric spatial curvature inference using late-universe cosmological probes
• Determining the Hubble constant from Hubble parameter measurements
• The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $\Lambda$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
• Hubble tension or a transition of the Cepheid SnIa calibrator parameters?
• Parallax Beyond a Kiloparsec from Spatially Scanning the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension : Late-time solutions
• The effect of metallicity on Cepheid Period-Luminosity relations from a Baade-Wesselink analysis of Cepheids in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds
• Parallax of Galactic Cepheids from Spatially Scanning the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope: The Case of SS Canis Majoris
• Cosmology With Low-Redshift Observations: No Signal For New Physics
• High Mass Triple Systems: The Classical Cepheid Y Car
• The occurrence of classical Cepheids in binary systems
• Constraining the Thin Disc Initial Mass Function using Galactic Classical Cepheids
• Measurement of Hubble constant: Non-Gaussian Errors in HST key project data

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Investigating The Hubble Tension Through Hubble Parameter Data
• Search for the $f(R,T)$ gravity functional form via gaussian processes
• Effects of a local physics change on the SH0ES determination of $H_0$