Formation of hot spots around small primordial black holes

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the thermalization of Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, taking into account the interference effect on thermalization of high energy particles, known as Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effect. Small PBHs with masses $\lesssim 10^9\mathrm{g}$ completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). The Hawking radiation emitted from these PBHs heats up the ambient plasma with temperature lower than the Hawking temperature, which results in a non-trivial temperature profile around the PBHs, namely a hot spot surrounding a PBH with a broken power-law tail. We find that the hot spot has a core with a radius much larger than the black hole horizon and its highest temperature is independent of the initial mass of the PBH such as $2\times 10^9\mathrm{GeV}\times (\alpha /0.1{)}^{19/3}$, where $\alpha$ generically represents the fine-structure constants. We also briefly discuss the implications of the existence of the hot spot for phenomenology.

20 pages, 4 figures. Coincides with published version

References in corpus (15)

• The Sphaleron Rate in the Minimal Standard Model
• EMPRESS. VIII. A New Determination of Primordial He Abundance with Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: A Suggestion of the Lepton Asymmetry and Implications for the Hubble Tension
• Picturing perturbative parton cascades in QCD matter
• Baryogenesis from Hawking Radiation
• False Vacuum Decay Catalyzed by Black Holes
• Axion Dark Matter in the Time of Primordial Black Holes
• ALP Dark Matter in a Primordial Black Hole Dominated Universe
• Black hole induced false vacuum decay from first principles
• The Interplay between the Dark Matter Axion and Primordial Black Holes
• Energy Spectrum of Thermalizing High Energy Decay Products in the Early Universe
• Black hole induced false vacuum decay: The role of greybody factors
• Black Hole Production of Monopoles in the Early Universe
• Cascades of high-energy SM particles in the primordial thermal plasma
• On catalyzed vacuum decay around a radiating black hole and the crisis of the electroweak vacuum
• Black holes don't source fast Higgs vacuum decay

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Primordial Black Holes Are True Vacuum Nurseries
• Feeding plankton to whales: high-redshift supermassive black holes from tiny black hole explosions
• Thermalization and hotspot formation around small primordial black holes
• Gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes in the early universe
• On the cosmological abundance of magnetic monopoles
• Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences
• Primordial Black Holes and Higgs Vacuum Decay
• Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach
• Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Constraints
• Planck isocurvature constraint on primordial black holes lighter than a kiloton