Conditional HI mass functions and the HI-to-halo mass relation in the local Universe

Abstract

We present a new HI mass estimator which relates the HI-to-stellar mass ratio to four galaxy properties: stellar surface mass density, color index $u-r$, stellar mass and concentration index, with the scatter of individual galaxies around the mean HI mass modeled with a Gaussian distribution. We calibrate the estimator using the xGASS sample, including both HI detection and non-detection, and constrain the model parameters through Bayesian inferences. Tests with mock catalogs demonstrate that our estimator provides unbiased HI masses for optical samples like the SDSS, thus suitable for statistical studies of HI gas contents in galaxies and dark matter halos. We apply our estimator to the SDSS spectroscopic sample to estimate the local HI mass function (HIMF), the conditional HI mass function (CHIMF) in galaxy groups and the HI-halo mass (HIHM) relation. Our HIMF agrees with the ALFALFA measurements at $M_{HI}\gtrsim 5\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$, but with higher amplitude and a steeper slope at lower masses. We show that this discrepancy is caused primarily by the cosmic variance which is corrected for the SDSS sample but not for the ALFALFA. The CHIMFs for all halo masses can be described by a single Schechter function, and this is true for red, blue and satellite galaxies. For central galaxies the CHIMFs show a double-Gaussian profile, with the two components contributed by the red and blue galaxies, respectively. The total HI mass in a group increases monotonically with halo mass. The HI mass of central galaxies in galaxy groups increases rapidly with halo mass only at $M_h\lesssim 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$, while the mass dependence becomes much weaker at higher halo masses. The observed HI-halo mass relation is not reproduced by current hydrodynamic simulations and semi-analytic models of galaxy formation.

arXiv comment10 figures, 2 tables, published in ApJ. $\mathbf{Note}$ : The version published in ApJ has a typo. In the last paragraph of section 3.2, the maximum posterior value of c_a should be c_a = 0.10 \pm 0.08, not c_a = 0.16 \pm 0.10

References in corpus (96)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• emcee: The MCMC Hammer
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Global Schmidt Law in Star Forming Galaxies
• The Origin of the Mass--Metallicity Relation: Insights from 53,000 Star-Forming Galaxies in the SDSS
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• The Galaxy Evolution Explorer: A Space Ultraviolet Survey Mission
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: matter and galaxy clustering
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
• K-corrections and filter transformations in the ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared
• Quantifying the bimodal color-magnitude distribution of galaxies
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy color bimodality
• The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• THINGS: The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: A tale of two elements -- chemical evolution of magnesium and europium
• NYU-VAGC: a galaxy catalog based on new public surveys
• Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): survey diagnostics and core data release
• First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: radio haloes and magnetic fields
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: I. The Catalogue and Basic Properties
• Environmental Effects on Late-Type Galaxies in Nearby Clusters
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: I. Science Goals, Survey Design and Strategy
• The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The alpha.40 HI Source Catalog, its Characteristics and their Impact on the Derivation of the HI Mass Function
• The HIPASS Catalogue - I. Data Presentation
• Improved background subtraction for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey images
• Physical properties and environments of nearby galaxies
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The ALFALFA Extragalactic HI Source Catalog
• The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. I. Gas Fraction Scaling Relations of Massive Galaxies and First Data Release
• The HIPASS catalogue: Omega_HI and environmental effects on the HI mass function of galaxies
• xGASS: Total cold gas scaling relations and molecular-to-atomic gas ratios of galaxies in the local Universe
• The properties and luminosity function of extremely low luminosity galaxies
• The distribution of stellar mass in the low-redshift Universe
• Little Things
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: II. halo occupation statistics
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: III. the luminosity and stellar mass functions
• The dependence of clustering on galaxy properties
• Cold gas stripping in satellite galaxies: from pairs to clusters
• WALLABY -- An SKA Pathfinder HI Survey
• The GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey. VIII. Final Data Release -- The Effect of Group Environment on the Gas Content of Massive Galaxies
• HI kinematics and dynamics of Messier 31
• Ingredients for 21cm intensity mapping
• The Northern HIPASS catalogue - Data presentation, completeness and reliability measures
• The ALFALFA HI mass function: A dichotomy in the low-mass slope and a locally suppressed 'knee' mass
• Linking Gas Fractions to Bimodalities in Galaxy Properties
• ELUCID - Exploring the Local Universe with reConstructed Initial Density field I: Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method with Particle Mesh Dynamics
• The Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog
• Galaxy Cold Gas Contents in Modern Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
• Galaxy groups in the low-redshift Universe
• The Effect of Structure and Star Formation on the Gas Content of Nearby Galaxies
• Star Formation and Metallicity Gradients in Semi-analytic Models of Disk Galaxy Formation
• Atomic hydrogen in IllustrisTNG galaxies: the impact of environment parallelled with local 21-cm surveys
• Estimating the H I gas fractions of galaxies in the local Universe
• Evolution in the H I Gas Content of Galaxy Groups: Pre-Processing and Mass Assembly in the Current Epoch
• Southern GEMS groups II: HI distribution, mass functions and HI deficient galaxies
• LoTSS jellyfish galaxies: II. Ram pressure stripping in groups versus clusters
• The clustering of ALFALFA galaxies: dependence on HI mass, relationship to optical samples & clues on host halo properties
• The galaxy luminosity function in groups and clusters: the faint-end upturn and the connection to the field luminosity function
• The Clustering Characteristics of HI-Selected Galaxies from the 40% ALFALFA Survey
• The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: IX. The Leo Region HI Catalog, Group Membership and the HI Mass Function for the Leo I Group
• GASP XVII. HI imaging of the jellyfish galaxy JO206: gas stripping and enhanced star formation
• The clustering of galaxies as a function of their photometrically-estimated atomic gas content
• An HI Survey of Six Local Group Analogs. II. HI properties of group galaxies
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: the diversity of ram pressure stripping of the galactic HI gas in the Hydra Cluster
• Constraining the HI-Halo Mass Relation From Galaxy Clustering
• Environmental dependence of the HI mass function in the ALFALFA 70% catalogue
• The HI Mass Function and Velocity Width Function of Void Galaxies in the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey
• Direct Measurement of the HI-Halo Mass Relation through Stacking
• RESOLVE Survey Photometry and Volume-limited Calibration of the Photometric Gas Fractions Technique
• The bias of DLAs at z ~ 2.3: contraining stellar feedback in shallow potential wells
• The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies XIII. The HI content of an almost "nurture free" sample
• First release of Apertif imaging survey data
• The HI content of dark matter halos at $z\approx 0$ from ALFALFA
• HI Observations of Five Groups of Galaxies
• ELUCID. VI: Cosmic variance of galaxy distribution in the local Universe
• Gas depletion in cluster galaxies depends strongly on their internal structure
• The physical drivers of the atomic hydrogen-halo mass relation
• Deep Investigation of Neutral Gas Origins (DINGO): HI stacking experiments with early science data
• WALLABY Pre-Pilot Survey: The effects of tidal interaction on radial distribution of color in galaxies of the Eridanus supergroup
• The SAMI Galaxy Survey: The Low-Redshift Stellar Mass Tully-Fisher Relation
• The HI mass function of group galaxies in the ALFALFA survey
• Unveiling the atomic hydrogen-halo mass relation via spectral stacking
• HI Content and Optical Properties of Field Galaxies from the ALFALFA Survey. I.Selection of a Control Sample
• A deep Parkes HI survey of the Sculptor group and filament: HI mass function and environment
• Pattern recognition in the ALFALFA.70 and Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: A catalog of $\sim$ 500,000 HI gas fraction estimates based on artificial neural networks
• Predicting the Neutral Hydrogen Content of Galaxies From Optical Data Using Machine Learning
• Halo models of HI selected galaxies
• An empirical measurement of the Halo Mass Function from the combination of GAMA DR4, SDSS DR12, and REFLEX II data
• The galaxy HI-(sub)halo connection and the HI spatial clustering of local galaxies
• HI gas content of SDSS galaxies revealed by ALFALFA: implications for the mass-metallicity relation and the environmental dependence of HI in the local Universe
• A study of the HI gas fractions of galaxies at z ~ 1
• The HI and stellar mass bivariate distribution of centrals and satellites for all, late- and early-type local galaxies

Cited by in corpus (9)

• The FAST all sky HI survey (FASHI): The first release of catalog
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The group HI mass as a function of halo mass
• Galaxy populations in groups and clusters: evidence for a characteristic stellar mass scale at $M_{\ast }\sim 10^{9.5}{M}_{\odot }$
• HI Content of Group Galaxies from the FAST All Sky HI Survey
• Gamma Analytical Modeling Evolution (GAME) I: The physical implications of deriving the stellar mass functions from z=0 to z=8
• The FAST Hundred-Deg${}^2$ HI Deep (HD${}^2$) Survey: Early Results from the Pilot Survey
• Joint Optical-HI mock catalogues and prospects for upcoming HI surveys
• NeutralUniverseMachine: Predictions of HI gas in Different Theoretical Models
• Toward Understanding the Evolutionary Role of Star-forming Lenticular Galaxies: New HI Detections and Comparison with Quiescent S0s and Red Spirals