MOCCA-Survey Database: Extra Galactic Globular Clusters. III. The population of black holes in Milky Way and Andromeda-like galaxies

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the black hole (BH) population of globular clusters (GCs) in Milky Way- (MW) and Andromeda- (M31) like galaxies. We combine the population synthesis code MASinGa and the MOCCA-Survey Database I to infer the properties of GCs harbouring a BH subsystem (BHS), an IMBH, or neither of those. We find that the typical number of GCs with a BHS, an IMBH, or none become comparable in the galactic outskirts, whilst the inner galactic regions are dominated by GCs without a significant dark component. Our models suggest that GCs harbouring a BHS are slightly heavier and with larger half-mass radii compared to the overall population. We retrieve the properties of binary BHs (BBHs) that have either merged in the last 3 Gyr or survived in their parent cluster until present-day. We find that around 80\% of the merging BBHs form due to dynamical interactions while the remaining originate from evolution of primordial binaries. We infer a merger rate for BBHs in the local Universe of $1.0-23\mathrm{y}{\mathrm{r}}^{-1}\mathrm{Gp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-3}$, depending on the adopted assumptions. We find around 100-240 BBHs survive until present-day and are mostly concentrated in the inner few kpc of the galaxy. We estimate also the number of BHs transported into the galactic nucleus by infalling star clusters, finding around 1,000-3,000 BHs and 100-200 BBHs are transported over a time span of 12 Gyr. This enables us to constrains the total amount of BHs and BBHs binaries lurking in nuclear star cluster, i.e. $N_{BHs}=(1.4-2.2)\times 10^4$ and $N_{BBHs}=700-1,100$.

arXiv comment18 pages,15 figures

References in corpus (92)

• A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
• On the variation of the Initial Mass Function
• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• Predictions for the Rates of Compact Binary Coalescences Observable by Ground-based Gravitational-wave Detectors
• Compact Remnant Mass Function: Dependence on the Explosion Mechanism and Metallicity
• A Comprehensive Study of Binary Compact Objects as Gravitational Wave Sources: Evolutionary Channels, Rates, and Physical Properties
• Compact Object Modeling with the StarTrack Population Synthesis Code
• Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
• The runaway growth of intermediate-mass black holes in dense star clusters
• Black hole mergers in the universe
• On The Maximum Mass of Stellar Black Holes
• Destruction of the Galactic Globular Cluster System
• Improved Estimates of the Milky Way's Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate from Hierarchical Bayesian Meta-Analysis
• Origin of the system of globular clusters in the Milky Way
• The Circular Velocity Curve of the Milky Way from $5$ to $25$ kpc
• The evolutionary roads leading to low effective spins, high black hole masses, and O1/O2 rates of LIGO/Virgo binary black holes
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Coalescing Binary Black Holes Originating From Globular Clusters
• Stellar Collisions During Binary-Binary and Binary-Single Star Interactions
• Proper motions and dynamics of the Milky Way globular cluster system from Gaia DR2
• The Dynamical Evolution of Stellar Black Holes in Globular Clusters
• Massive black hole binaries from runaway collisions: the impact of metallicity
• Stellar-mass black holes in star clusters: implications for gravitational wave radiation
• The DRAGON simulations: globular cluster evolution with a million stars
• A black hole in a globular cluster
• MOCCA Code for Star Cluster Simulations - IV. A new Scenario for Intermediate Mass Black Hole Formation in Globular Clusters
• Runaway collisions in young star clusters. II. Numerical results
• 2MASS NIR photometry for 693 candidate globular clusters in M31 and the Revised Bologna Catalogue
• A detached stellar-mass black hole candidate in the globular cluster NGC 3201
• HI kinematics and dynamics of Messier 31
• Dynamical evolution of black hole sub-systems in idealised star clusters
• Modeling Dense Star Clusters in the Milky Way and Beyond with the $\text{CMC}$ Cluster Catalog
• Black holes and core expansion in massive star clusters
• Compact Binaries in Star Clusters I - Black Hole Binaries Inside Globular Clusters
• The Evolution of Galaxy Number Density at z < 8 and its Implications
• A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: Binaries in NGC 3201
• Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters and their role in gravitational-wave generation II
• Redshift Evolution of the Black Hole Merger Rate from Globular Clusters
• Deep radio imaging of 47 Tuc identifies the peculiar X-ray source X9 as a new black hole candidate
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I: Galactic Globular Clusters Harbouring a Black Hole Subsystem
• The Cosmic Evolution of Binary Black Holes in Young, Globular and Nuclear Star Clusters: Rates, Masses, Spins and Mixing Fractions
• The origin of the first neutron star -- neutron star merger
• Core Formation by a Population of Massive Remnants
• The velocity dispersion profile of NGC 6388 from resolved-star spectroscopy: no evidence of a central cusp and new constraints on the black hole mass
• Limits on intermediate-mass black holes in six Galactic globular clusters with integral-field spectroscopy
• Intermediate Mass Black Hole Formation in compact Young Massive Star Clusters
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Unravelling black hole subsystems in globular clusters
• The Galactic distribution of X-ray binaries and its implications for compact object formation and natal kicks
• Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Accreting Binaries: Formation, Evolution and Observational Appearance
• Intermediate-mass Black Holes from High Massive-star Binary Fractions in Young Star Clusters
• How initial size governs core collapse in globular clusters
• On the mass-radius relation of hot stellar systems
• The Globular Cluster Migratory Origin of Nuclear Star Clusters
• The ultracompact nature of the black hole candidate X-ray binary 47 Tuc X9
• The effect of stellar-mass black holes on the structural evolution of massive star clusters
• Search for intermediate mass black hole binaries in the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• Synthetic catalog of black holes in the Milky Way
• Back to the Future: Estimating Initial Globular Cluster Masses from their Present Day Stellar Mass Functions
• An updated survey of globular clusters in M 31. I. Classification and radial velocity for 76 candidate clusters
• How black holes shape globular clusters: Modeling NGC 3201
• Intermediate mass black holes from stellar mergers in young star clusters
• Preparing the next gravitational million-body simulations: Evolution of single and binary stars in Nbody6++GPU, MOCCA and McLuster
• Absolute V-band magnitudes and mass-to-light ratios of Galactic globular clusters
• Radio observations of NGC 2808 and other globular clusters: constraints on intermediate mass black holes
• Two Epochs of Globular Cluster Formation from Deep Fields Luminosity Functions: Implications for Reionization and the Milky Way Satellites
• Black hole mergers in compact star clusters and massive black hole formation beyond the mass-gap
• Dynamical friction in cuspy galaxies
• MOCCA Survey Database I: Dissolution of tidally filling star clusters harbouring BH subsystems
• Merging stellar and intermediate-mass black holes in dense clusters: implications for LIGO, LISA and the next generation of gravitational wave detectors
• On black hole sub-systems in idealized nuclear star clusters
• Dynamics of binary black holes in low-mass young star clusters
• Observational Evidence for a Dark Side to NGC5128's Globular Cluster System
• Mass Evaporation Rate of Globular Clusters in a Strong Tidal Field
• MOCCA code for star cluster simulations - III. Stellar-mass black holes in the globular cluster M22
• MOCCA SURVEY Database I: Binary Black Hole Mergers from Globular Clusters with Intermediate Mass Black Holes
• On the origin of a rotating metal-poor stellar population in the Milky Way Nuclear Cluster
• VLA Limits for Intermediate Mass Black Holes in Three Globular Clusters
• The central dynamics of M3, M13, and M92: Stringent limits on the masses of intermediate-mass black holes
• Dynamics of binary black holes in young star clusters: the impact of cluster mass and long-term evolution
• Evolution of star clusters on eccentric orbits
• The dearth of nuclear star clusters in bright galaxies
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database I. Intermediate mass black holes in Milky Way globular clusters and their connection to supermassive black holes
• A variable ultraluminous X-ray source in a globular cluster in NGC 4649
• VVV Survey Observations of a Microlensing Stellar Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Field of the Globular Cluster NGC 6553
• MOCCA-SURVEY Database II -- Properties of Intermediate Mass Black Holes escaping from star clusters
• X-ray Variability from the Ultraluminous Black Hole Candidate X-ray Binary in the Globular Cluster RZ 2109
• A Monte Carlo study of early gas expulsion and evolution of star clusters: new simulations with the MOCCA code in the AMUSE framework
• Orbits of 152 Globular Clusters of the Milky Way Galaxy Constructed from the Gaia DR2 data
• The Evolution of Kicked Stellar-Mass Black Holes in Star Cluster Environments
• Merger rate density of stellar-mass binary black holes from young massive clusters, open clusters, and isolated binaries: comparisons with LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA results
• MOCCA Survey Database: Extra Galactic Globular Clusters. I. Method and first results
• MOCCA-Survey Database: Extra Galactic Globular Clusters. II. Milky Way and Andromeda
• A second black hole candidate in a M31 globular cluster is identified with XMM-Newton

Cited by in corpus (2)

• Formation and evolution of binary black holes in $N$-body simulations of star clusters with up to two million stars
• Uncovering the Invisible: A Study of Gaia18ajz, a Candidate Black Hole Revealed by Microlensing