Van der Waals Materials for Applications in Nanophotonics

Abstract

Numerous optical phenomena and applications have been enabled by nanophotonic structures. Their current fabrication from high refractive index dielectrics, such as silicon or gallium phosphide, pose restricting fabrication challenges, while metals, relying on plasmons and thus exhibiting high ohmic losses, limit the achievable applications. Here, we present an emerging class of layered so-called van der Waals (vdW) crystals as a viable nanophotonics platform. We extract the dielectric response of 11 mechanically exfoliated thin-film (20-200 nm) van der Waals crystals, revealing high refractive indices up to n = 5, pronounced birefringence up to $\Delta$n = 3, sharp absorption resonances, and a range of transparency windows from ultraviolet to near-infrared. We then fabricate nanoantennas on SiO${}_2$ and gold utilizing the compatibility of vdW thin films with a variety of substrates. We observe pronounced Mie resonances due to the high refractive index contrast on SiO${}_2$ leading to a strong exciton-photon coupling regime as well as largely unexplored high-quality-factor, hybrid Mie-plasmon modes on gold. We demonstrate further vdW-material-specific degrees of freedom in fabrication by realizing nanoantennas from stacked twisted crystalline thin-films, enabling control of nonlinear optical properties, and post-fabrication nanostructure transfer, important for nano-optics with sensitive materials.

References in corpus (29)

• Van der Waals heterostructures
• Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures
• Measurement of the optical dielectric function of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2
• How to face the loss in plasmonics and metamaterials
• Transition metal dichalcogenide nanodisks as high-index dielectric Mie nanoresonators
• Giant optical anisotropy in transition metal dichalcogenides for next-generation photonics
• High Purcell factor generation of coherent on-chip single photons
• Deterministic coupling of site-controlled quantum emitters in monolayer semiconductors to plasmonic nanocavities
• Charge-spin correlation in van der Waals antiferromagenet NiPS3
• Nonlinear twistoptics at symmetry-broken interfaces
• Low-loss Plasmonic Dielectric Nanoresonators
• Hybrid Exciton-Plasmon-Polaritons in van der Waals Semiconductor Gratings
• Enhanced light-matter interaction in an atomically thin semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas
• Anapoles in Free-Standing III-V Nanodisks Enhancing Second-Harmonic Generation
• Transition metal dichalcogenide metamaterials with atomic precision
• Towards compact phase-matched and waveguided nonlinear optics in atomically layered semiconductors
• Magic configurations in Moiré Superlattice of Bilayer Photonic crystal: Almost-Perfect Flatbands and Unconventional Localization
• Valley coherent exciton-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor
• All van der Waals Integrated Nanophotonics
• Coupling single photons from discrete quantum emitters in WSe${}_2$ to lithographically defined plasmonic slot-waveguides
• Characterization of the second- and third-harmonic optical susceptibilities of atomically thin tungsten diselenide
• Ultrathin van der Waals metalenses
• Super-Resolution Nanolithography of Two-Dimensional Materials by Anisotropic Etching
• Strong coupling between excitons and quasi-Bound states in the continuum in the bulk transition metal dichalcogenides
• Thickness dependence of electronic structure and optical properties of a correlated van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS${}_3$ thin film
• Transition metal dichalcogenide dimer nano-antennas with ultra-small gaps
• Probing Electronic States in Monolayer Semiconductors through Static and Transient Third-Harmonic Spectroscopy
• Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance on Two-Dimensional HfSe2 and ZrSe2
• Optical polarization based logic functions (XOR or XNOR) with nonlinear Gallium nitride nanoslab

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Van der Waals Nanoantennas on Gold as Hosts for Hybrid Mie-Plasmonic Resonances
• Tunable Nanostructuring for van der Waals Materials
• Interface second harmonic generation enhancement in hetero-bilayer van der Waals nanoantennas
• Ultrafast all-optical switching in nonlinear 3R-MoS${}_2$ van der Waals metasurfaces
• Realization of Z${}_2$ topological photonic insulators made from multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Computational discovery of high-refractive-index van der Waals materials: The case of HfS${}_2$
• Record Index-Bandgap Trade-off: CdPS3 as a High-Index van der Waals Platform for Ultraviolet-Visible Nanophotonics
• Near-field refractometry of van der Waals crystals
• Dual-Polarization SHG Interferometry for Imaging Antiparallel Domains and Stacking Angles of 2D Heterocrystals