Spinor-Induced Instability of Kinks, Holes and Quantum Droplets

Abstract

We address the existence and stability of one-dimensional (1D) holes and kinks and two-dimensional (2D) vortex-holes nested in extended binary Bose mixtures, which emerge in the presence of Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) quantum corrections to the mean-field energy, along with self-bound quantum droplets. We consider both the symmetric system with equal intra-species scattering lengths and atomic masses, modeled by a single (scalar) LHY-corrected Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE), and the general asymmetric case with different intra-species scattering lengths, described by two coupled (spinor) GPEs. We found that in the symmetric setting, 1D and 2D holes can exist in a stable form within a range of chemical potentials that overlaps with that of self-bound quantum droplets, but that extends far beyond it. In this case, holes are found to be stable in 1D and they transform into pairs of stable out-of-phase kinks at the critical chemical potential at which localized droplets turn into flat-top states, thereby revealing the connection between localized and extended nonlinear states. In contrast, spinor nature of the asymmetric systems may lead to instability of 1D holes, which tend to break into two gray states moving in the opposite directions. Such instability arises due to spinor nature of the system and it affects only holes nested in extended modulationally-stable backgrounds, while localized quantum droplet families remain completely stable, even in the asymmetric case, while 1D holes remain stable only close to the point where they transform into pairs of kinks. We also found that symmetric systems allow fully stable 2D vortex-carrying single-charge states at moderate amplitudes, while unconventional instabilities appear also at high amplitudes. Symmetry also strongly inhibits instabilities for double-charge vortex-holes, which thus exhibit unexpectedly robust evolutions at low amplitudes.

9 pages, 7 figures, to appear in New Journal of Physics

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• Spectrum and quench-induced dynamics of spin-orbit coupled quantum droplets
• Vortex-ring quantum droplets in a radially-periodic potential
• Stability and dynamics of nonlinear excitations in a two-dimensional droplet-bearing environment
• Enhanced mobility of quantum droplets in periodic lattices
• Dragging A Defect in a Droplet Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Effects of quantum fluctuations on macroscopic quantum tunneling and self-trapping of BEC in a double well trap
• Quasi-one-dimensional harmonically trapped quantum droplets
• Dispersive shock waves in a one-dimensional droplet-bearing environment
• Two-dimensional quantum droplets in binary quadrupolar condensates
• Two-component droplet phases and their spectral stability in one dimension
• Multipole quantum droplets in quasi-one-dimensional asymmetric mixtures
• Generic transverse stability of kink structures in atomic and optical nonlinear media with competing attractive and repulsive interactions
• Formations and dynamics of two-dimensional spinning asymmetric quantum droplets controlled by a PT-symmetric potential
• Double-flattop quantum droplets in low-dimensional Bose-Bose mixtures
• Rogue waves in extended Gross-Pitaevskii Models with a Lee-Huang-Yang correction
• Phases and dynamics of an impurity immersed in one-dimensional quantum droplets