Onset of a modulational instability in trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We explore the phase diagram of a finite-sized dysprosium dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in a cylindrical harmonic trap. We monitor the final state after the scattering length is lowered from the repulsive BEC regime to the quantum droplet regime. Either an adiabatic transformation between a BEC and a quantum droplet is obtained or, above a critical trap aspect ratio ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}=1.87(14)$, a modulational instability results in the formation of multiple droplets. This is in full agreement with the predicted structure of the phase diagram with a crossover region below ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}$ and a multistable region above. Our results provide the missing piece connecting the previously explored regimes resulting in a single or multiple dipolar quantum droplets.

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• Spinor-Induced Instability of Kinks, Holes and Quantum Droplets
• Two-dimensional supersolidity in a planar dipolar Bose gas
• Soliton trains after interaction quenches in Bose mixtures
• Quasi-one-dimensional harmonically trapped quantum droplets
• Striped Ultradilute Liquid of Dipolar Bosons in Two Dimensions
• Optimal control of the self-bound dipolar droplet formation process
• A new form of liquid matter: quantum droplets
• Impurity induced Modulational instability in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Modulational instability and quantum droplets in a two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate