Jets from SANE Super-Eddington Accretion Disks: Morphology, Spectra, and Their Potential as Targets for ngEHT

Abstract

We present general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics (GRRMHD) simulations of super-Eddington accretion flows around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) which may apply to tidal disruption events (TDEs). We perform long duration ($t\ge 81,200GM/c^3$) simulations which achieve mass accretion rates $\gtrsim 11$ times the Eddington rate and produce thermal synchrotron spectra and images of their jets. The jet reaches a maximum velocity of $v/c\approx 0.5-0.9$, but the density weighted outflow velocity is $\sim 0.2-0.35c$. Gas flowing beyond the funnel wall expands conically and drives a strong shock at the jet head while variable mass ejection along the jet axis results in internal shocks and dissipation. For a $T_i/T_e=1$ model, the radio/submillimeter spectra peak at $>100$ GHz and the luminosity increases with BH spin, exceeding $\sim 10^{41}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ in the brightest models. The emission is extremely sensitive to $T_i/T_e$ as some models show an order of magnitude decrease in the peak frequency and up to four orders of magnitude decline in their radio/submillimeter luminosity as $T_i/T_e$ approaches 20. Assuming a maximum VLBI baseline distance of $10\mathrm{G}\lambda$, 230 GHz images of $T_i/T_e=1$ models shows that the jet head may be bright enough for its motion to be captured with the EHT (ngEHT) at $D\lesssim 110$ (180) Mpc at the $5\sigma$ significance level. Resolving emission from internal shocks requires $D\lesssim 45$ Mpc for both the EHT or ngEHT. The 5 GHz emission in each model is dimmer ($\lesssim 10^{36}\mathrm{erg}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$) than upper limits placed on TDEs with no radio emission which suggests jets similar to our models may have gone undetected in previous observations. Our models suggest that the ngEHT may be utilized for $>230$ GHz radio/submillimeter followup of future TDEs.

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Cited by in corpus (2)

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