Strong supernovae bounds on ALPs from quantum loops

Abstract

We show that in theories of axionlike particles (ALPs) coupled to electrons at tree-level, the one-loop effective coupling to photons is process dependent: the effective coupling relevant for decay processes, $g_{a\gamma }^{\text{(D)}}$, differs significantly from the coupling appearing in the phenomenologically important Primakoff process, $g_{a\gamma }^{\text{(P)}}$. We show that this has important implications for the physics of massive ALPs in hot and dense environments, such as supernovae. We derive, as a consequence, new limits on the ALP-electron coupling, ${\hat{g}}_{ae}$, from SN 1987A by accounting for all relevant production processes, including one-loop processes, and considering bounds from excess cooling as well as the absence of an associated gamma-ray burst from ALP decays. Our limits are among the strongest to date for ALP masses in the range $0.03\text{MeV}<m_a<240\text{MeV}$. Moreover, we also show how cosmological bounds on the ALP-photon coupling translate into new, strong limits on ${\hat{g}}_{ae}$ at one loop. Our analysis emphasises that large hierarchies between ALP effective couplings are difficult to realise once quantum loops are taken into account.

arXiv comment36 pages, 10 figures. Changes in v2: gravitational redshift taken into account, small corrections. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in JCAP. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it

References in corpus (50)

• Automatized One-Loop Calculations in 4 and D dimensions
• Axions In String Theory
• New Developments in FeynCalc 9.0
• FeynCalc 9.3: New features and improvements
• Package-X: A Mathematica package for the analytic calculation of one-loop integrals
• Light Dark Matter Search with Ionization Signals in XENON1T
• Excess Electronic Recoil Events in XENON1T
• Supernova 1987A Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Sectors, Millicharged Particles, the QCD Axion, and an Axion-like Particle
• Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles
• Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis After Planck
• Search for Invisible Decays of a Dark Photon Produced in e+e- Collisions at BaBar
• A Finite Difference Representation of Neutrino Radiation Hydrodynamics in Spherically Symmetric General Relativistic Space-Time
• Cosmological bounds on pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons
• Revisiting Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Long-Lived Decaying Particles
• Improved axion emissivity from a supernova via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung
• The Low-Energy Effective Theory of Axions and ALPs
• Flavor probes of axion-like particles
• Discovering New Light States at Neutrino Experiments
• Muonic Boson Limits: Supernova Redux
• Symmetry energy impact in simulations of core-collapse supernovae
• Hot Axions and the $H_0$ tension
• Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons
• Looking forward to Lepton-flavor-violating ALPs
• Decay photons from the ALP burst of type-II supernovae
• Low-Energy Supernovae Severely Constrain Radiative Particle Decays
• Radiative, two-temperature simulations of low luminosity black hole accretion flows in general relativity
• Probing axions with the neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova
• Muons in supernovae: implications for the axion-muon coupling
• Running in the ALPs
• Heavy axion-like particles and core-collapse supernovae: constraints and impact on the explosion mechanism
• The Photophobic ALP
• Bounds on axion-like particles from the diffuse supernova flux
• Observable signatures of enhanced axion emission from protoneutron stars
• New constraint from supernova explosions on light particles beyond the Standard Model
• Observable windows for the QCD axion through $N_{\text{eff}}$
• Updated BBN constraints on electromagnetic decays of MeV-scale particles
• On the interplay between astrophysical and laboratory probes of MeV-scale axion-like particles
• Supernova bound on Axion-Like Particles coupled with electrons
• Radiative transfer in stars by feebly interacting bosons
• 3D template-based $Fermi$-LAT constraints on the diffuse supernova axion-like particle background
• Stellar Basins of Gravitationally Bound Particles
• Invisible decays of axion-like particles: constraints and prospects
• Axions are blind to anomalies
• Search for pseudoscalar bosons decaying into $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pairs in the NA64 experiment at the CERN SPS
• Constraints on Axion-Lepton coupling from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Revisiting axion-electron bremsstrahlung emission rates in astrophysical environments
• Do direct detection experiments constrain axionlike particles coupled to electrons?
• Gamma Rays and the Decay of Neutrinos from SN1987A
• Photon Dispersion in a Supernova Core

Cited by in corpus (26)

• Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
• Updated constraints on axion-like particles from temporal information in supernova SN1987A gamma-ray data
• Axion-sourced fireballs from supernovae
• Strong Supernova 1987A Constraints on Bosons Decaying to Neutrinos
• Supernova Simulations Confront SN 1987A Neutrinos
• Proto-neutron stars as cosmic factories for massive axion-like-particles
• Axion Astrophysics
• Investigating the gamma-ray burst from decaying MeV-scale axion-like particles produced in supernova explosions
• Primordial black hole dark matter from catastrogenesis with unstable pseudo-Goldstone bosons
• First Constraints on the Photon Coupling of Axion-like Particles from Multimessenger Studies of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817
• Reinterpretation of searches for long-lived particles from meson decays
• GRB 221009A: A light dark matter burst or an extremely bright Inverse Compton component?
• Physical Signatures of Fermion-Coupled Axion Dark Matter
• Leading bounds on micro- to picometer fifth forces from neutron star cooling
• NuSTAR bounds on radiatively decaying particles from M82
• Limits on ALP-neutrino couplings from loop-level processes
• Sub-GeV dark matter and nano-Hertz gravitational waves from a classically conformal dark sector
• In-flight positron annihilation as a probe of feebly interacting particles
• Probing a diffuse flux of axion-like particles from galactic supernovae with neutrino water Cherenkov detectors
• New Constraints on Axion-Like Particles with the NEON Detector at a Nuclear Reactor
• Improved constraints for axion-like particles from 3-photon events at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders
• Inverse Primakoff Scattering for Axionlike Particle Coupling
• Prospects for detecting the couplings of axion-like particle with neutrinos at the CEPC
• CMB Constraints on Loop-Induced Decays of Leptophilic Dark Matter
• INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager Constraints on Light Bosonic Dark Matter: ALPs, Dark Photons, Scalars, $B-L$ and $L_i-L_j$ Vectors
• Loop-Level Lepton Flavor Violation and Diphoton Signals in the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model